BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







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|SENATE REVENUE & TAXATION COMMITTEE      |AB1077  - Cardoza |
|                                         |  and Villaraigosa|
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|Senator Wesley Chesbro,   |             Amended: May 6, 1999|
|Chair                     |                                 |
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|                                                            |
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|Hearing: June 16, 1999    |  Tax Levy   |      Fiscal:  Yes|
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                       AB 1077 - Cardoza and Villaraigosa

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SUBJECT:  Sales and Use Tax: Exempts newspapers and  
          photographs transferred on a one-time basis from  
          the sales tax


DIGEST 

     EXISTING LAW since July 15, 1991, generally imposes  
the sales and use tax on newspapers and periodicals.   
Exemptions have been created for free newspapers,  
periodicals sold by subscription, and newspapers or  
periodicals issued by non-profit groups if the printing  
cost is less than 10% of the membership fee.  Photographs  
sold or leased to a newspaper for publication are also  
subject to tax.

     THIS BILL :

     1. Reinstates the sales and use tax exemption for  
     regularly-issued newspapers and  for photographs when  
     possession (but not title) is transferred for the  
     purpose of reproduction one time only in a  
     regularly-issued newspaper. 

     2. Provides that the exemption does not apply to the  
     sale or use of any newspaper during the term of a  
     prepaid subscription provided that both of the  
     following apply: a) the sale of the subscription was  
     subject to the tax prior to the operative date of the  
     bill and b) the subscription was entered into, and  
     paid for prior to the operative date of the bill. 

     Local governments would not be reimbursed for revenue  
losses resulting from the bill.  The provisions of the bill  
would be operative on the first day of the first calendar  
quarter beginning more than 90 days after enactment.  









                       AB 1077 - Cardoza and Villaraigosa

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FISCAL EFFECT: 

     The Board of Equalization estimates a total annual  
revenue loss of $42.6 million, based on exempting $538.5  
million in daily newspaper sales from the tax.  The revenue  
loss would be as follows:

     State loss (5%)          $26.9 million
          Local loss (2.25%)    12.1 million
          Transit loss (0.67%)    3.6 million

                         Total     $42.6 million


COMMENTS:


A.   Purpose of the bill

     This bill is intended to reinstate the sales tax  
exemption for single copy newspapers.  According to  
supporters, the tax discriminates against daily newspapers,  
puts newspapers at a competitive disadvantage with other  
media for advertising dollars, and harms the free flow of  
daily information.


B.   What impact does the tax have on newspapers' prices?


    According to sponsors, publishers typically bear the  
cost of the tax for newsrack sales, since coin-operated  
machines can't easily accommodate additional coins.  As a  
result, a paper that costs 50 cents in a newsrack will cost  
54 cents at a newsstand.


    It should be noted that publishers' marketing  
strategies may have a greater impact on the amount charged  
for newspapers than the sales tax.  For example, in some  
areas, the L.A.  Times  may sell at a 50% discount to  
encourage new readership.  Similarly, subscription prices  
are typically less than newsstand prices.








                       AB 1077 - Cardoza and Villaraigosa

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C.   Does tax act as a barrier for advertising?


    A newspaper's profit depends more upon the advertising  
revenue it generates than the revenue it generates from  
selling newspapers.  It is not clear how the sales tax on  
newspapers makes them less competitive for advertising  
dollars than other media.  


D.   What happened to the 1991 tax increase?


    The tax on newspapers and magazines was enacted in 1991  
as part of a $7 billion tax package to close a $14 billion  
budget gap.  Proponents point out that this tax is one of  
the few remaining taxes left from the 1991 action.


    The sales tax on candy, bottled water, and snack foods  
was repealed by a 1992 initiative.  The Legislature  
repealed the tax on fuel and petroleum products sold to  
water common carriers.  The newspaper and periodical  
exemption has been partially restored; the fuel and  
petroleum products exemption for air and rail common  
carriers remains repealed.  The 1 1/4% sales tax increase  
remains in place, however the 10% and 11% income tax rates  
have sunsetted.


E.   Prior Legislation

     SB 256 (Johannessen) of 1999 was amended by the Senate  
Revenue and Taxation Committee to state legislative intent  
to reinstate the exemption and to apply only to newspapers.  
 

     This bill is similar to AB 1608 (Pringle) and AB 2081  
(Villaraigosa) of the 1997-98 session.  











                       AB 1077 - Cardoza and Villaraigosa

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Support and Opposition


     Support:  California Teamsters Public Affairs Council
                Cal-Tax



     Oppose:  California State Association of Counties
                   City of Barstow

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Consultant: Jeanette Rapp
June 10, 1999  11:29 AM