BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  SB 716
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:  August 13, 2013
          Counsel:       Stella Choe


                         ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                                 Tom Ammiano, Chair

                      SB 716 (Lara) - As Amended:  May 28, 2013


           SUMMARY  :  Requires prisons, jails, juvenile halls, and other  
          custodial facilities, including private confinement companies,  
          to adopt federal policies and procedures related to sexual  
          assault in prison in order to create a safe environment free  
          from sexual abuse for inmates or arrestees, including those  
          inmates or arrestees subject to a United States Immigration and  
          Customs Enforcement hold.  Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Repeals several sections in the Sexual Abuse in Detention  
            Elimination Act of 2005.

          2)States that each facility shall adopt policies and procedures  
            implementing the United States Department of Justice's (US  
            DOJ) National Standards to Prevent, Detect, and Respond to  
            Prison Rape.

          3)Exempts a private confinement company with a facility that  
            only houses detainees under contract with the United States  
            Department of Homeland Security from this requirement.  

          4)Requires the adoption of these policies or procedures to take  
            place no later than July 1, 2014, with full implementation of  
            the policies or procedures completed no later than July 1,  
            2015.

          5)Provides that on or before July 1, 2015, the agency,  
            department, or company shall certify in writing to the Board  
            of State and Community Corrections (BSCC) that it has adopted  
            policies or procedures as required, and shall transmit its  
            policies and procedures electronically to BSCC.

          6)Requires BSCC to:

             a)   Make the policies and procedures of each agency,  
               department, and company available to the public on an  








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               Internet website, in a timely manner; and,

             b)   Provide a means for an interested member of the public  
               to raise substantial and specific concerns about the  
               material insufficiency of the published policies or  
               procedures of any agency, department, or company.  Upon  
               receipt of these concerns from a member of the public, the  
               board shall have 90 days to review the relevant policies or  
               procedures.  Any concerns by the public shall be raised  
               with BSCC before July 1, 2015.

          7)Creates a procedure for BSCC to notify an agency, department,  
            or company in writing that its policies or procedures do not  
            meet the requirements of this bill and that it intends to  
            reject the certification. 

             a)   An agency, department, or company receiving this  
               notification shall have 180 days from the receipt of the  
               written notice to adequately modify the policies and  
               procedures.

             b)   If, after the 180-day period, BSCC finds that the  
               policies and procedures are still inadequate, it shall  
               reject the certification.

          8)Provides that audits of facilities shall be conducted on a  
            three-year cycle, and each agency, department, or company,  
            beginning July 1, 2015, shall ensure that each facility  
            operated by it is audited at least once every three years.

          9)Mandates BSCC to publish audit procedures consistent with the  
            requirements under federal regulations.

          10)Requires BSCC to certify auditors, including, but not limited  
            to, auditors who work directly with BSCC, and maintain a  
            publicly available list of California-certified auditors. At  
            its discretion, BSCC may rely on an auditor's certification by  
            US DOJ as evidence that the auditor is qualified to perform  
            audits.

          11)Requires BSCC to produce a standard audit report format or  
            identify an existing audit report format prior to July 1,  
            2015.  An auditor shall, within 60 days of an audit or the  
            completion of a corrective action plan, complete a written  
            audit report for each facility audited using the standard  








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            report format.  The auditor will forward the report to BSCC,  
            which shall make the reports available to the public on an  
            Internet website.

          12)Provides that BSCC shall identify a public means by which  
            BSCC can receive an individual's report of substantial and  
            specific concerns about a facility.

          13)Creates a procedure for expedited audits of facilities  
            suspected of a pattern and practice of sexual abuse, and  
            provides the agency, department or company with a reasonable  
            opportunity to respond before an expedited audit can be  
            required.  

          14)Establishes a system of data collection, review and retention  
            requiring all agencies, departments or companies to collect  
            accurate, uniform data for every allegation of sexual abuse.

          15)Requires an agency or entity that contracts with a facility  
            that is not covered under the provisions of this bill to  
            modify its contract or agreement to incorporate the policies  
            or procedures implementing US DOJ's National Standards to  
            Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Prison Rape.

          16)States that any new contract or agreement between an agency,  
            department or company with a facility, as defined, shall  
            incorporate the policies or procedures implementing US DOJ's  
            National Standards to Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Prison  
            Rape.

          17)Establishes the following financial penalties for an entity  
            that fails to provide certification of compliance, fails to  
            have its facility or facilities audited in a timely manner, or  
            fails an audit after being given an opportunity to correct any  
            deficiencies:  

             a)   Public entities will be subject to a reduction of  
               BSCC-administered grant renewals or awards, or  
               ineligibility for grants or rewards until compliance is  
               achieved.

             b)   Private entities will be assessed a $500 penalty on the  
               first day the certification or audit is due or a failed  
               audit is reported to BSCC, and an additional $1,000 penalty  
               every seven days thereafter until it provides a valid  








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               certification or completes successful audits of any  
               facilities that are delinquent for or have failed an audit.  
                BSCC will assess and collect the penalty.

           EXISTING LAW  : 

          1)Mandates California Department of Corrections and  
            Rehabilitation (CDCR) to review informational handbooks  
            regarding sexual abuse in detention published by outside  
            organizations, and upon approving the content thereof,  
            handbooks provided by one or more outside organizations shall  
            be made available to inmates and wards.  (Penal Code Section  
            2635.)

          2)Requires CDCR to institute the following practices to prevent  
            sexual violence and promote inmate and ward safety:

             a)   Inmate classification and housing assignment procedures  
               shall take into account specified risk factors that can  
               lead to inmates and wards becoming the target of sexual  
               victimization or of being sexually aggressive toward  
               others; and,

             b)   Ensure that staff members intervene when an inmate or  
               ward appears to be the target of sexual harassment or  
               intimidation.  (Penal Code Section 2636.)

          3)States that CDCR shall ensure that its protocols for  
            responding to sexual abuse include all of the following:

             a)   The safety of an inmate or ward who alleges that he or  
               she has been the victim of sexual abuse shall be  
               immediately and discreetly ensured.  Staff shall provide  
               the safest possible housing options to inmates and wards  
               who have experienced repeated abuse.  Housing options may  
               include discreet institution transfers;

             b)   Inmates and wards who file complaints of sexual abuse  
               shall not be punished, either directly or indirectly, for  
               doing so. If a person is segregated for his or her own  
               protection, segregation must be nondisciplinary;

             c)   Any person who knowingly or willfully submits inaccurate  
               or untruthful information in regards to sexual abuse is  
               punishable pursuant to CDCR regulations;








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             d)   Under no circumstances is it appropriate to suggest that  
               an inmate should fight to avoid sexual violence or to  
               suggest that the reported sexual abuse is not significant  
               enough to be addressed by staff;

             e)   Staff shall not discriminate in their response to  
               inmates and wards who are gay, bisexual, or transgender who  
               experience sexual aggression, or report that they have  
               experienced sexual abuse; and,

             f)   Retaliation against an inmate or ward for making an  
               allegation of sexual abuse shall be strictly prohibited.   
               (Penal Code Section 2637.)

          4)Requires health practitioners to ask whether the patient has  
            experienced sexual abuse whenever such abuse may be indicated  
            by trauma, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy or chronic  
            pain.  [Penal Code Section 2638(b).]

          5)States that confidential mental health counseling intended to  
            help victims cope with the aftermath of abuse shall be offered  
            to those who report sexual abuse.  [Penal Code Section  
            2638(d).]

          6)Requires CDCR to ensure that certain procedures are performed  
            in the investigation and prosecution of sexual abuse  
            incidents.  (Penal Code Section 2639.)

          7)States that CDCR shall keep statistics on the sexual abuse of  
            inmates and wards.  Sexual abuse incidents shall not be  
            classified as "other" nor simply included in a broader  
            category of general assaults.  [Penal Code Section 2640(a).]

          8)Specifies that statistics shall include whether the abuse was  
            perpetrated by a staff member or other inmate, the results of  
            the investigation and any resolution of the complaint by  
            department officials and prosecution authorities.  The data  
            shall be made available to the Office of the Sexual Abuse in  
            Detention Elimination Ombudsperson.  [Penal Code Section  
            2640(b).]

          9)Creates the Office of the Sexual Abuse in Detention  
            Elimination Ombudsperson within the Office of the Inspector  
            General to ensure the impartial resolution of inmate and ward  








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            sexual abuse complaints.  [Penal Code Section 2641(a).]

          10)States that the ombudsperson shall have the authority to  
            inspect all of CDCR's institutions and to interview all  
            inmates and wards.  [Penal Code Section 2641(b).]

          11)Requires CDCR to allow all inmates and wards to write  
            confidential letters regarding sexual abuse to the  
            ombudsperson.  [Penal Code Section 2641(c).]

          12)Provides that information about how to confidentially contact  
            the ombudsperson shall be clearly posted in all of CDCR's  
            institutions.  [Penal Code Section 2641(d).]

          13)Requires the Office of the Inspector General to investigate  
            reports of the mishandling of incidents of sexual abuse, while  
            maintaining the confidentiality of the victims of sexual  
            abuse, if requested by the victim.  [Penal Code Section  
            2641(e).]

           EXISTING FEDERAL LAW  :  

          1)Establishes the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA)  
            which addresses various issues related to the sexual abuse of  
            inmates in prison.  The Act establishes a zero-tolerance  
            standard for prison rape, requiring all adult prisons and  
            jails, lockups, community confinement facilities, juvenile  
            facilities and immigrant detention centers to fully comply  
            with the regulations aimed at preventing, detecting and  
            responding to all forms of sexual abuse and sexual harassment.  
             [42 U.S.C. Section 15601 et. seq.]

          2)Provides that a state whose governor does not certify full  
            compliance with PREA standards is subject to the loss of five  
            percent of any US DOJ grant funds that it would otherwise  
            receive for prison purposes, unless the governor submits an  
            assurance that such five percent will be used only for the  
            purpose of enabling the state to achieve and certify full  
            compliance with the standards in future years. [42 U.S.C.  
            Section 15607(c).]

          3)Establishes the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission to  
            carry out a comprehensive legal and factual study of the  
            penalogical, physical, mental, medical, social, and economic  
            impacts of prison rape in the United States, and to recommend  








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            to the Attorney General national standards for enhancing the  
            detection, prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison  
            rape.  [42 U.S.C. Section 15606(d)(1), (e)(1).]

          4)Directs the Attorney General to publish a final rule adopting  
            national standards for the detection, prevention, reduction,  
            and punishment of prison rape based upon the independent  
            judgment of the Attorney General, after giving due  
            consideration to the recommended national standards provided  
            by the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission and being  
            informed by such data, opinions, and proposals that the  
            Attorney General determines to be appropriate to consider.   
            [42 U.S.C. Section 15607(a)(1)-(2).]

          5)Requires facilities to develop a written institutional plan to  
            coordinate actions taken in response to an incident of sexual  
            abuse among staff first responders, medical and mental health  
            practitioners, investigators, and facility leadership.  [28  
            CFR Section 115.365(a).]

          6)Creates disciplinary sanctions up to and including termination  
            for staff violating agency sexual abuse or sexual harassment  
            policies.  [28 CFR Section 115.376(a).]

          7)Requires the agency to collect accurate, uniform data for  
            every allegation of sexual abuse at facilities under its  
            direct control using a standardized instrument and set of  
            definitions and to aggregate the incident-based sexual abuse  
            data at least annually.  Upon request, the agency shall  
            provide all such data from the previous calendar year to the  
            Department of Justice no later than June 30.  [28 CFR Section  
            115.387(a), (b) and (d).]

          8)Requires the agency to conduct audits of each facility  
            operated by the agency, or by a private organization on behalf  
            of the agency at least once during each three-year period,  
            beginning on August 20, 2013.  During each one-year period  
            starting on August 20, 2013, the agency shall ensure that at  
            least one-third of each facility type operated by the agency,  
            or by a private organization on behalf of the agency, is  
            audited.  [28 CFR Section 115.401(a)-(b).]

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   








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           1)Author's Statement  :  According to the author, "The Sexual  
            Abuse in Detention Elimination Act 2013 (SADEA 2013) will  
            update existing state law to require that confinement agencies  
            create a safe and humane environment, free from abuse for  
            inmates or arrestees, including those inmates or arrestees  
            with a United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement hold  
            in the state."  

          2)Background  :  According to a 2006 report conducted by UC  
            Irvine's Center for Evidence-Based Corrections, "Research on  
            sexual assault documents its wide-reaching impact on  
            corrections: sexual assault in prison contributes to the  
            spread of sexually transmitted diseases, leads to or  
            exacerbates mental health problems, and increases violence in  
            the form of defense or retaliation.  Moreover, victims of  
            sexual assault often require an extensive and therefore costly  
            institutional response, including: medical examinations,  
            investigations, and psychological treatment often continuing  
            long after the incident occurs."  [Sumner and Matsuda,  
            "Shining the Light in Dark Corners:  An Overview of Prison  
            Rape Elimination Legislation and Introduction to Current  
            Research," (March 2006) UC Irvine Center for Evidence-Based  
            Corrections, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pg. 1.]  
             
            The report points to the Legislative Analyst's Office findings  
            that "California experiences almost twice the number of  
            officially reported inmate assaults as Texas and nearly triple  
            the assaults in the Federal system."  (Id. at pg. 3.)   
            Specifically, the federal system received 1.7 officially  
            reported inmate assaults per 100 inmates, Texas received 2.5  
            and Florida received 4.0.  California received the highest  
            proportion of reported inmate assaults at 4.4 per 100 inmates  
            (indicating 7,210 individual reports in California that year).  
             (Ibid.)

            More recent statewide data from the CDCR identified a  
            decreasing number of substantiated claims of inmate on inmate  
            nonconsensual sexual acts each year from 2007 to 2011 (eight  
            in 2007, to two in 2011) and a relatively low rate of  
            substantiated claims of inmate on inmate abusive sexual  
            contact, with the exception of 2008, in which there were seven  
            substantiated claims.  In terms of substantiated staff sexual  
            misconduct, there have been between one and three incidents  
            each year for the past five years, as well as between a dozen  








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            and two dozen unsubstantiated claims for each year.  2012 has  
            not yet been reported.  (CDCR Summary of Sexual Violence, as  
            reported to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007-2012.)

           3)Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003  :  PREA was signed by  
            President George W. Bush on September 4, 2003.  The purpose of  
            PREA was to provide for the analysis of the incidence and  
            effects of prison rape in federal, state, and local  
            institutions and to provide information, resources,  
            recommendations, and funding to protect individuals from  
            prison rape.  Among other things, PREA mandated national  
            standards to prevent sexual violence in prison; increased the  
            level of training required of prison staff; increased  
            screenings of inmates and guards; and made it easier to report  
            rape, requiring agencies to provide at least one way for  
            inmates to report abuse to an external entity and allowing  
            inmates to remain anonymous upon request.  PREA also made data  
            more available to prison administrators, and established the  
            National Prison Rape Elimination Commission (NPREC) to  
            evaluate the extent of the problem and issue recommendations.

          After years of research and evaluation, in 2009, the NRPEC  
            issued a report with draft standards with findings,  
            conclusions and recommendations.  Draft standards implementing  
            PREA were officially released in February, 2011, and final  
            standards were released by US DOJ in May, 2012.  There are  
            four sets of standards for different types of facilities:  (a)  
            adult prisons and jails, (b) lockups, (c) community  
            confinement facilities, and (d) juvenile facilities.   Each  
            set of standards is designed to address the problems specific  
            to that type of facility and the population inhabiting that  
            facility.

          PREA standards became applicable to federal facilities  
            immediately and to state and local facilities on August 20,  
            2012.  The three-year audit cycle is set to begin one year  
            later, on August 20, 2013.  Governors of each state must  
            certify compliance or accept a 5% reduction in federal grant  
            funding for each year the state's agencies fail to comply.  US  
            DOJ is scheduled to publish a list of noncompliant grant  
            recipients on September 30, 2013, and October 1, 2013 is  
            projected to be the first date on which federal grant funds  
            may be impacted (fiscal year 2014).

           4)Sexual Abuse in Detention Elimination Act of 2005  :  In 2005,  








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            the California Legislature passed the Sexual Abuse in  
            Detention Elimination Act [AB 550 (Goldberg), Chapter 303,  
            Statutes of 2005] to prepare the state for the "dramatically  
            increased level of federal scrutiny" PREA was expected to  
            bring and to "raise awareness on the issue of prisoner rape  
            and to bring to light the fact that this is not a marginal  
            issue."   [Sen. Com. on Public Safety, analysis on Assem. Bill  
            No. 550 (2005-2006 Reg. Sess. June 28, 2005, p. 8.]  The Act  
            contained several important provisions, creating new duties  
            such as providing training for current and future corrections  
            staff regarding sexual abuse of inmates and wards and  
            providing all inmates and wards with a handbook describing  
            sexual conduct policies and reporting mechanisms.  Additional  
            measures included taking into account risk factors that may  
            lead to victimization, assigning at least one female officer  
            per shift to any housing unit in which female detainees may be  
            observed unclothed, and establishing the role of Office of  
            Sexual Abuse in Detention Elimination Ombudsperson to ensure  
            the impartial resolution of inmate and ward sexual abuse  
            complaints.

          This bill repeals most of the provisions in the Sexual Abuse in  
            Detention Elimination Act of 2005 but retains the provisions  
            on data collection, the ombudsperson and investigation by the  
            Office of the Inspector General.  This bill establishes the  
            Sexual Abuse in Detention Elimination Act of 2013 which  
            requires all confinement facilities to adopt policies and  
            procedures implementing US DOJ's National Standards to  
            Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Prison Rape, developed  
            pursuant to PREA.  This bill also contains similar  
            requirements to PREA such as a certification process, audits  
            every three years, and financial penalties for non-compliance.  
             This bill specifies that an audit conducted in compliance  
            with PREA regulations shall suffice for the purposes of this  
            bill, avoiding the need for multiple audits.

           5)National Standards to Prevent, Detect and Respond to Prison  
            Rape  :  On May 17, 2013, US DOJ released a final rule to  
            prevent, detect and respond to sexual abuse in confinement  
                                    facilities, in accordance with PREA.  (See USDOJ's Web site,  
             (as of July 24, 2013).]  This rule  
            sets national standards for protecting inmates in confinement  
            facilities.  The standards have three clear goals:  to  
            prevent, detect and respond to sexual abuse.  In addition to  








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            the standards listed below, the final rule requires that each  
            facility be audited every three years to assess compliance.

             a)   Prevent:  To prevent sexual abuse, the standards  
               require, among other things, that facilities: 

                 i)       Develop and maintain a zero-tolerance policy  
                   regarding sexual abuse;

                 ii)    Designate a PREA point person to coordinate  
                   compliance efforts;

                 iii)   Screen inmates for risk of being sexually abused  
                   or sexually abusive, and use screening information to  
                   inform housing, bed, work, education and program  
                   assignments;  

                 iv)    Develop and document a staffing plan that provides  
                   for adequate levels of staffing and, where applicable,  
                   video monitoring;

                 v)       Train employees on their responsibilities in  
                   preventing, recognizing and responding to sexual abuse;  


                 vi)    Perform background checks on prospective employees  
                   and not hire abusers;

                 vii)   Prevent juveniles from being housed with adult  
                   inmates or having unsupervised contact with adult  
                   inmates in common spaces; 

                 viii)  Ban cross-gender pat-down searches of female  
                   inmates in prisons and jails and of both male and  
                   female residents of juvenile facilities;

                 ix)    Incorporate unique vulnerabilities of lesbian,  
                   gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and gender  
                   nonconforming inmates into training and screening  
                   protocols;

                 x)       Enable inmates to shower, perform bodily  
                   functions and change clothing without improper viewing  
                   by staff of the opposite gender;









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                 xi)    Restrict the use of solitary confinement as a  
                   means of protecting vulnerable inmates; and,

                 xii)   Enter into or renew contracts only with outside  
                   entities that agree to comply with the standards.

             b)   Detect:  To detect sexual abuse, the standards require,  
               among other things, that facilities:

               i)     Make inmates aware of facility policies and inform  
                 them of how to report sexual abuse;

               ii)    Provide multiple channels for inmates to report  
                 sexual abuse, including by contacting an outside entity,  
                 and allow inmates to report abuse anonymously upon  
                 request;

               iii)   Provide a method for staff and other third parties  
                 to report abuse on behalf of an inmate;

               iv)    Develop policies to prevent and detect any  
                 retaliation against those who report sexual abuse or  
                 cooperate with investigations; and,

               v)     Ensure effective communication about facility  
                 policies and how to report sexual abuse with inmates with  
                 disabilities and inmates who are limited English  
                 proficient.

             c)   Respond:  To respond to sexual abuse, the standards  
               require, among other things, that facilities:

               i)     Provide timely and appropriate medical and mental  
                 health care to victims of sexual abuse;

               ii)    Where available, provide access to victim advocates  
                 from rape crisis centers for emotional support services  
                 related to sexual abuse;

               iii)   Establish an evidence protocol to preserve evidence  
                 following an incident and offer victims no-cost access to  
                 forensic medical examinations; 

               iv)    Investigate all allegations of sexual abuse promptly  
                 and thoroughly, and deem allegations substantiated if  








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                 supported by a preponderance of the evidence; 

               v)     Discipline staff and inmate assailants  
                 appropriately, with termination as the presumptive  
                 disciplinary sanction for staff who commit sexual abuse; 

               vi)    Allow inmates a full and fair opportunity to file  
                 grievances regarding sexual abuse so as to preserve their  
                 ability to seek judicial redress after exhausting  
                 administrative remedies; and,

               vii)   Maintain records of incidents of abuse and use those  
                 records to inform future prevention planning.  

           6)Argument in Support  :  According to  Legal Services for  
            Prisoners with Children  , "Sexual violence is a rampant problem  
            across all correctional settings in California, causing  
            extreme psychological trauma and undue punishment beyond that  
            of a person's incarceration.  The enactment of SB 716 would  
            begin the process of putting California in line with many of  
            the carefully considered federal guidelines that are in place  
            to protect prisoners from these sorts of attacks both by  
            guards and other prisoners.  In doing so, this bill would  
            establish a number of important protections set forth in  
            Section 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations to keep people  
            from finding themselves facing further punitive measures -  
            including confinement in administrative segregation - for  
            their own protection.

          "In addition, SB 716 would ensure regular audits of correctional  
            facilities regarding their policies every three years.  It is  
            essential to hold agencies and departments fully accountable  
            for the sexual violence that occurs in their facilities, and  
            SB 716 sets in motion oversight procedures that California  
            correctional facilities are in desperate need of."

           7)Argument in Opposition  : The  California State Sheriffs'  
            Association  writes, "Additional regulations in excess of  
            federal standards are redundant, and all correctional  
            institutions currently implement standards for the detection,  
            prevention and punishment of rape in correctional facilities.   
            Mandating a system of data collection, review and retention,  
            and requiring all agencies, departments to collect accurate,  
            uniform data for every allegation of sexual abuse and maintain  
            collected data for at least 10 years after the date of initial  








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            collection will create significant ongoing costs to entities,  
            which do not have the budget or manpower to execute those  
            burdensome requirements.

          "Finally, we are concerned that this measure will divert focus  
            and resources away from the BSCC, stalling the implementation  
            of data collection for public safety realignment and providing  
            needed assistance in the construction of newer and safer  
            facilities pursuant to AB 900 and SB 1022.

           8)Prior Legislation  :  

             a)   AB 382 (Ammiano), of the 2009-10 Legislative Session,  
               would have added the sexual orientation and gender identity  
               of the inmate or ward, as specified, to the list of risk  
               factors CDCR must consider when classifying inmates and  
               wards in order to prevent inmate and ward sexual violence  
               and to promote inmate and ward safety.  AB 382 was vetoed.

             b)   AB 550 (Goldberg), Chapter 303, Statutes of 2005,  
               established the Sexual Abuse in Detention Elimination Act,  
               requiring the CDCR to adopt policies, practices, and  
               protocols to protect inmates from sexual abuse.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
          
          Asian Law Alliance
          Betty T. Yee, Member of the State Board of Equalization
          California Attorneys for Criminal Justice
          California Immigrant Policy Center
          California Public Defenders Association
          Legal Services for Prisoners with Children
          Just Detention International
          Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund


           Opposition 
           
          California State Sheriffs Association
          Chief Probation Officers of California
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :    Stella Choe / PUB. S. / (916) 319-3744 








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