BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  SB 1137
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          Date of Hearing:   May 15, 2008

                      ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND FINANCE
                                  Pedro Nava, Chair
                     SB 1137 (Perata) - As Amended:  May 6, 2008

           SENATE VOTE  :   28-10
           
          SUBJECT  :   Residential mortgage loans: foreclosure procedures.

           SUMMARY  :   Enacts changes related the foreclosure process in  
          response to the subprime lending/foreclosure crisis.  
          Specifically,  this bill  :   

          1)Makes legislative findings and declarations relating to the  
            foreclosure crisis.

          2)Provides that a mortgage, trustee, beneficiary, or authorized  
            agent (entities) may not file a notice of default (NOD) until  
            30 days after contact has been made with the borrower who is  
            in default.

          3)Requires entities to contact a borrower in default in person  
            or by telephone and inform them  of their right to a  
            subsequent meeting, and telephone number of the United States  
            Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to find a  
            HUD certified housing counselor.

          4)Allows a borrower to assign a HUD-certified counselor,  
            attorney or other advisor to discuss with the entities options  
            for the borrower to avoid foreclosure.

          5)Provides that a NOD may be filed when an entity has not  
            contacted the borrower provided that the failure to contact  
            the borrower occurred despite reasonable due diligence on the  
            part of the entity.

          6)Provides that "due diligence" means and requires the  
            following:

             a)   The entity sends a first class letter that includes the  
               toll-free number available for the borrower to find a  
               HUD-certified housing counseling agency; and,

             b)   Subsequent to the sending of the letter the entity  








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               attempts to contact the borrower by telephone at least  
               three times at different hours and on different days. 

          7)Requires an entity to maintain a toll-free number for  
            borrowers that will provide access to a live representative  
            during business hours.

          8)Requires the entity to maintain a link on the main page of its  
            internet website containing the following information:

             a)   Options that may be available to borrowers who are  
               unable to afford their mortgage payments and who wish to  
               avoid foreclose, and instructions to borrowers advising  
               them on steps to take to explore these options; and,

             b)   A list of documents borrowers should collect and be  
               prepared to submit when discussing options to avoid  
               foreclosure.

          9)Specifies that the notice and contact requirements do not  
            apply in the following circumstances:

             a)   The borrower has surrendered the property as evidenced  
               via a letter or delivery of keys to the property to the  
               entity;

             b)   The borrower has contacted a person or organization  
               whose primary business is advising people who have decided  
               to leave their homes on how to extend the foreclosure  
               process and avoid the contractual obligations; or,

             c)   The borrower has filed for bankruptcy.

          10)Provides that the notice and contact requirements only apply  
            to loans made from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007.

          11)Makes a legislative finding and declaration that a loan  
            servicer acts in the best interests of all parties if it  
            agrees to, or implements a loan modification or workout plan  
            in one of the following circumstances:

             a)   The loan is in payment default, or payment default is  
               reasonably foreseeable; or,

             b)   Anticipated recovery under the loan modification or  








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               workout plan exceeds the anticipated recovery through  
               foreclosure on net present value basis.

          12)Declares that it is the intent of the Legislature that  
            borrowers receive loan modifications or workout plans if those  
            arrangements are consistent with the entities contractual  
            authority.

          13)Requires that upon posting of a notice of sale, an entity  
            shall mail to the borrower a notice in English and Spanish,  
            Chinese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, or Korean that states:  
            "Foreclosure process has begun on this property, which may  
            affect your right to continue to live in this property. Twenty  
            days or more after the date of this notice, this property may  
            be sold at foreclosure. If you are renting this property, the  
            new property owner may either give you a new lease or rental  
            agreement or provide you with a 60-day eviction notice.  
            However, other laws may prohibit an eviction in this  
            circumstance or provide you with a longer notice before  
            eviction. You may wish to contact a lawyer or your local legal  
            aid or housing counseling agency to discuss any rights you may  
            have."

          14)Provides that the legal owner of vacant property shall  
            maintain the property in accordance with current law and a  
            failure to do so may result in a $1,000 per day fine.

          15)Requires a governmental entity that imposes a fine must give  
            notice of the violation and provide 30 days for the owner to  
            remedy the violation prior to imposing the fine.

          16)Defines "failure to maintain" as a failure to care for the  
            exterior of the property, including, but not limited to,  
            permitting excessive foliage growth that diminishes the value  
            of surrounding properties, failing to take action to prevent  
            trespassers or squatters from remaining on the property, or  
            failing to take action to prevent mosquito larvae from growing  
            in standing water or other conditions that create a public  
            nuisance.

          17)Requires that a tenant or sub-tenant of a rental unit shall  
            be provided 60 days notice after a property is sold into  
            foreclosure before the tenant or sub-tenant may be removed  
            from the property.









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          18)Sunsets the provisions on January 1, 2013.

          19)Contains an urgency clause.

           EXISTING FEDERAL LAW  : 

          1)Authorizes federally-chartered financial institutions to  
            engage  in the business of mortgage lending, brokering, and  
            servicing  and governs the rules under which such activities  
            may be  conducted under a wide variety of laws, including, but  
            not limited to, the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act  
            (HOEPA), Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Truth  
            in Lending Act (TILA), Home  Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA),  
            and regulations that interpret those acts (most notably  
            Regulation C, which interprets the Home Mortgage Disclosure  
            Act and Regulation Z, which interprets the Truth in Lending  
            Act);

          2)Generally regulates the financial institutions that engage in  
            mortgage lending and brokering under five different agencies,  
            including the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC),  
             Federal Reserve Board (FRB), Office of Thrift Supervision  
            (OTS), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and  
            National Credit Union Administration (NCUA);

          3)Additionally regulates the brokerage and lending activities  
            conducted under federal law using two additional federal  
            agencies, including the Department of Housing and Urban  
            Development and the Federal Trade Commission.

           EXISTING STATE LAW  :

          1)Defines a mortgage is a contract by which specific property,  
            including an estate for years in real property, is  
            hypothecated for the performance of an act, without the  
            necessity of a change of possession. "Mortgage" also means any  
            security device or instrument, other than a deed of trust that  
            confers a power of sale affecting real property or an estate  
            for years therein, to be exercised after breach of the  
            obligation so secured, including a real property sales  
            contract.  [Civil Code, Section 2920]

          2)Provides that every transfer of an interest in property, other  
            than in trust, made only as a security for the performance of  
            another act, is to be deemed a mortgage, except when in the  








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            case of personal property it is accompanied by actual change  
            of possession, in which case it is to be deemed a pledge.  
            Where a power of sale is conferred upon the mortgagee,  
            trustee, or any other person, to be exercised after a breach  
            of the obligation for which that mortgage or transfer is a  
            security, the power shall not be exercised except where the  
            mortgage or transfer is made pursuant to an order, judgment,  
            or decree of a court of record, or to secure the payment of  
            bonds or other evidences of indebtedness authorized or  
            permitted to be issued by the Commissioner of Corporations  
            until all of the following apply: the trustee, mortgagee, or  
            beneficiary, or any of their authorized agents shall first  
            file for record, in the office of the recorder of each county  
            wherein the mortgaged or trust property or some part or  
            parcel, a notice of default. That notice of default shall  
            include all of the following:   

               a)      A statement identifying the mortgage or deed of  
                 trust by stating the name or names of the trustor or  
                 trustors and giving the book and page, or instrument  
                 number, if applicable, where the mortgage or deed of  
                 trust is recorded or a description of the mortgaged or  
                 trust property;    

               b)     A statement that a breach of the obligation for  
                 which the mortgage or transfer in trust is security has  
                 occurred; and,    

               c)     A statement setting forth the nature of each breach  
                 actually known to the beneficiary and of his or her  
                 election to sell or cause to be sold the property to  
                 satisfy that obligation and any other obligation secured  
                 by the deed of trust or mortgage that is in default.  
                 [Civil Code, Section 2924]   

          3)Provides for the regulation of residential mortgage lenders  
            and California finance lenders by the Department of  
            Corporations (DOC) and for the regulations of state banks and  
            credit unions by the Department of Financial Institutions  
            (DFI).

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   









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          This bill is the Senate's response to the foreclosure crisis  
          that has gripped California and the nation over the last year  
          and a half.   It is made up of several provisions to address key  
          issues that have been identified as most problematic concerning  
          the foreclosure process.  It is important to note that this  
          bill, as currently drafted, represents a compromise that was  
          reached between industry, consumers and the author.

          A major problem facing both borrowers and servicers is the lack  
          of communication between parties concerning the inability to  
          make a mortgage payment, or the possibility of impending  
          financial difficulties.  Government officials, lenders and  
          community organizations have all pleaded with borrowers to  
          communicate as soon as possible if they are in trouble of  
          missing a mortgage payment.  Most data reflects that the earlier  
          a borrower communicates with their lender, the easier it can be  
          to find a solution.  Going beyond the public pledges of  
          increased contact, this bill requires that the mortgagee or  
          trustee contact the borrower, or attempt to make contact, at  
          least 30 days prior to mailing a NOD.

          Another indirect consequence of the foreclosure crisis are the  
          numerous renters who made their rental payments on time and  
          remained in good standing only to find themselves evicted due to  
          the legal owner of the property failing to pay their mortgage on  
          the property.  During the housing boom many buyers purchased  
          properties with non-traditional financing in order to acquire  
          rental properties.  This arrangement began to turn south last  
          year with the collapsing mortgage market.  Some renters found  
          notices attached to their door addressed to the owners.  Often,  
          these notices were overlooked because they were addressed to  
          someone other than the renter, and then the occupants found  
          themselves days away from being on the street.  This bill  
          provides additional time to the current law timeframe of 30 days  
          for eviction to a total of 60 days subsequent to the foreclosure  
          sale to give renters in a foreclosed home sufficient time to  
          make other housing arrangements.

          The glut of abandoned foreclosed properties has led to distress  
          in local communities as cash-strapped local governments deal  
          with blighted property.  These properties, in some cases, are  
          magnets for criminal activity such as vandalism and theft.   
          Additionally, vacant properties with swimming pools can become a  
          health hazard due to standing water becoming a breeding ground  
          for mosquitoes that may carry the West Nile virus.  Empty rooms  








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          lure squatters and vandals and brown lawns and dead vegetation  
          are creating eyesores in well-tended neighborhoods.  The L.A.  
          Times wrote an article in 2007 titled, "Untended properties  
          become eyesores.  Then there are the uninvited guests:  
          mosquitoes, vandals and squatters."  The City of L.A. is  
          increasing the number of inspectors in the L.A. vacant-building  
          program from 15 to 27 trying to stay current with the number of  
          vacant homes they have to deal with.  

          Neglected foreclosed properties subject the neighborhood and  
          municipality to drug crimes, prostitution, vagrants living in  
          the foreclosed property, vandalism and a host of other social  
          ills.  As the foreclosed property falls deeper into disrepair  
          the values of the surrounding homes and business also  
          deteriorate alarmingly, further adding to the 'foreclosure  
          blight' and destruction of whole neighborhoods. 

          This bill responds to the vacant property issue by requiring  
          that the owner maintain a vacant property or face $1,000 per day  
          fine.  It also provides the owner 30 days to correct a violation  
          once notification has been received from the local government.

          Finally, this bill makes legislative findings and declarations  
          concerning the suitability and fiscal necessity of loan  
          modifications.  Specifically, the findings declare that  
          servicers act in the best interests of all parties when they  
          agree to implement loan modifications or workout plans where  
          long term performance of the loan exceeds recovery through the  
          foreclosure process.  This section is a welcome explanation of  
          the Legislature's policy and direction concerning what is  
          expected of loan servicers in California related to trouble  
          borrowers.  The reviews are mixed, as far as the actual results  
          of loan modifications and borrower outreach.  It is clear that  
          very few loan servicers have had the necessary infrastructure to  
          meet the surge in borrower demand.  Recently, counseling  
          agencies and servicers have staffed up their operations to  
          increase outreach and response to customer inquires concerning  
          loan modifications.

          Recently the Hope Now Coalition, a coalition of mortgage  
          industry participants, that have come together to streamline  
          loan modifications and workout plans released their data for the  
          first quarter of 2008.  From July 2007 to the end of the first  
          quarter of 2008 lenders have helped 1.2 million borrowers.  The  
          vast majority, 848,000, were repayment plans, which are  








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          generally not as helpful to borrowers.  A study by Freddie Mac,  
          Interventions in Mortgage Default: Policies and Practices to  
          Prevent Home Loss and Lower Costs, found that the cure rate  
          among loans that are only 30 days delinquent is just under 60%,  
          but that rate falls to less than 30% if the borrower is 3 or  
          more payments behind at the onset of the plan.  In 2008, nearly  
          37% of the workouts, reported by Hope Now, were classified as  
          modifications.  Most troubling, 40% of the subprime, adjustable  
          rate mortgage borrowers who went into foreclosure in the three  
          months ended September 30 - the most recent figures available -  
          had already gone through a workout with their lenders, according  
          to a study from the Mortgage Bankers Association.

           Subprime crisis.
           
          In response to the extreme financial losses incurred by  
          investors, the market for subprime mortgages has adjusted  
          sharply.  Investors demanded that mortgage originators employ  
          tighter underwriting standards, and some large lenders have  
          pulled back from the use of brokers.  

          Delinquency rates on subprime loans remained at historically low  
          levels through most of 2004 and 2005.  The staggering increases  
          in home price appreciation provided subprime borrowers with an  
          equity buffer that allowed borrowers to refinance into a more  
          affordable loan or sell their property for a profit.  However,  
          this price appreciation, not only provided a needed buffer for  
          subprime borrowers, but also, may have fueled a further easing  
          of underwriting standards.  A Credit Suisse report, Mortgage  
          Liquidity Du Jour: Underestimated No More (March 12, 2007)  
          conducted by Equity Research, found that "?in the last nine  
          months anybody with a pulse that interested in buying a home was  
          able to get financing?"

          Additionally, California is now facing the prospect of reduced  
          revenues due to foreclosures and increase local government costs  
          to mitigate foreclosure related issues.  This crisis has also  
          been labeled as a "turning back of the clock" on the recent  
          gains of homeownership and asset building opportunities for many  
          communities that have been left out of other wealth building  
          opportunities. Several California communities rank in the top  
          ten nationwide in the number of foreclosures and defaults.  

          The Congressional Joint Economic Committee estimates that the  
          subprime lending crisis in the United States will result in  








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          almost 2 million foreclosures nationwide.  In California,  
          lenders filed 72,571 "notices of default" on borrowers in the  
          third quarter of 2007, eclipsing a record of 61,541 set in 1996,  
          according to DataQuick Information Systems.  Most of the loans  
          that went into default last quarter were originated between July  
          2005 and August 2006.  Actual losses of homes to foreclosure  
          statewide totaled 24,209 during the third quarter, the highest  
          number since DataQuick began recording data in 1988, up 38.7%  
          from last quarter and up six-fold year-over-year.

          In the midst of this market correction, borrowers are facing  
          increased pressures as adjustable rate mortgages (ARMS) reset to  
          higher rates, home prices decline, and new borrowers are limited  
          in options as the market engages in retrenchment. 

          The crisis is the result of a confluence of circumstances that  
          has played into the unusually poor performance of subprime  
          mortgages that were originated in 2006.  Among the largest  
          contributing factors were relaxed underwriting standards and  
          subsequent deterioration in mortgage payment performance. In  
          addition, many market participants have suggested that fraud,  
          such as misrepresentations made by mortgage brokers, appraisers  
          and the borrowers themselves, has also played a significant role  
          and exacerbated the problem. Numerous sources have indicated  
          that home values, borrowers' incomes, as well as, other  
          information may have been overstated and the intended use of the  
          home was often misstated (i.e., as a primary residence rather  
          than an investment property).  

          Second, the mortgage lending system allowed incentives to push  
          some people into loans that they should never have taken.  For  
          instance, some brokers received incentives if they placed a  
          person in a subprime loan even though the person also qualified  
          for a prime loan.  Some brokers were also enticed through  
          increased sales commissions to sell as many loans as they could,  
          since they receive their commissions regardless of whether or  
          not a person defaulted on the loan a year or two later.

          Third, the decline in home prices on a national basis has been a  
          significant factor in the decline in subprime mortgage loan  
          credit performance.  People who now had homes at lower values,  
          or had loans larger than the value of their homes, were  
          frequently unable to refinance with other lenders. 

          Also, variety of mortgage companies that had issued subprime  








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          loans overextended themselves in the market causing many of  
          their creditors to demand payments on lines of credit  
          immediately. This meant that several of the largest non-bank  
          lenders of subprime loans were forced to file bankruptcy and  
          foreclose on loans. Stricter lending practices by remaining  
          mortgage companies have also been a factor in the subprime  
          mortgage crisis, since some of the homeowners were ineligible  
          for any type of loans based on new criteria.

          According to Moody's Investors Service July 2007 marked the  
          twelfth consecutive month of home price decline on a  
          year-over-year basis. This is the longest period of declining  
          home prices on a national basis since 1969, and declining home  
          prices have reduced borrowers' equity in their homes and  
          constrained their refinancing opportunities. The borrowers most  
          affected by the housing downturn have been those who because of  
          the timing of their purchase did not realize benefit from the  
          price appreciation that had occurred in prior years.   
          Compounding the problem of declining home prices is that many  
          borrowers took out ARMs with low introductory rates in the hopes  
          that housing prices would continue to rise and afford the  
          borrower enough equity to refinance at a fixed APR.  In other  
          cases, loan originators downplayed or ignored the risk to  
          borrowers with some ARM products.

          Fourth, the introduction of exotic products in the market-place  
          including option-ARMS, low teaser rate loans, no-documentation,  
          stated-income and other non-traditional products originally  
              meant for sophisticated borrowers were used as tools to  
          circumvent traditional underwriting standards.  In addition, the  
          increase in zero down payments, 100% financed subprime loans  
          increased home ownership opportunities, but at the same time  
          increased the risk of those loans.  People who were on a thin  
          financial cushion were offered the opportunity to take out  
          multi-hundred thousand dollar loans with no down payment,  
          sometimes with no income documentation.   

          Finally, the stunning lack of financial literacy was a major  
          contributing factor to the subprime crisis.  A recent Wall  
          Street Journal article noted that in a survey, approximately  
          one-third of homeowners had no idea what type of home loan they  
          had.  The typical borrower is often overwhelmed by the  
          complicated process of purchasing a home.  In many cases, had a  
          borrower known the right questions to ask they could have  
          avoided long-term financial collapse.  Unlike some other states,  








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          California does not require that financial literacy concepts be  
          taught in its school curriculum.  

          During the past two years, serious delinquencies among subprime  
          ARMs have increased dramatically.  According to Federal Reserve  
          Chairman Ben S. Bernanke The fraction of subprime ARMs past due  
          ninety days or more or in foreclosure reached nearly 15 percent  
          in July 2007, roughly triple the low seen in mid-2005.  For  
          so-called near-prime loans in alt-A securitized pools (those  
          made to borrowers who typically have higher credit scores than  
          subprime borrowers but still pose more risk than prime  
          borrowers), the serious delinquency rate has also risen, to 3%  
          from 1% only a year ago.  These patterns contrast sharply with  
          those in the prime-mortgage sector, in which less than 1% of  
          loans are seriously delinquent.  


          Higher delinquencies have begun to show through to increased  
          foreclosures.  About 320,000 foreclosures were initiated in each  
          of the first two quarters of this year (just more than half of  
          them on subprime mortgages), up from an average of about 225,000  
          during the past six years.  Foreclosure starts tend to be high  
          in states with stressed economic conditions and rise where house  
          prices have decelerated or fallen.  


          Adjustable-rate subprime mortgages originated in late 2005 and  
          in 2006 have performed the worst, with some of them defaulting  
          after only one or two payments (or even no payment at all).   
          Relative to earlier vintages, more of these loans carried  
          greater risks beyond weak borrower credit histories--including  
          very high initial cumulative loan-to-value ratios and less  
          documentation of borrower income.  The originate-to-distribute  
          model seems to have contributed to the loosening of underwriting  
          standards in 2005 and 2006.  When an originator sells a mortgage  
          and its servicing rights, depending on the terms of the sale,  
          much or all of the risks are passed on to the loan purchaser.   
          Thus, originators who sell loans may have less incentive to  
          undertake careful underwriting than if they kept the loans.   
          Moreover, for some originators, fees tied to loan volume made  
          loan sales a higher priority than loan quality.  This  
          misalignment of incentives, together with strong investor demand  
          for securities with high yields, contributed to the weakening of  
          underwriting standards. 









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          The fragmented market structure of mortgage originators in the  
          subprime-lending industry may also have contributed.  Data  
          collected under HMDA show that independent mortgage  
          companies--those that are not depository institutions or their  
          subsidiaries or holding company affiliates--made nearly half of  
          higher-priced first-lien mortgages in 2006 but only one-fourth  
          of loans that were not higher-priced.   


          In addition, the sharp deceleration in home prices since 2005,  
          including outright declines in some markets, left many of these  
          more-recent borrowers with little or no home equity.  In this  
          situation, some borrowers (particularly owner-investors) may  
          have found that simply walking away from their properties was  
          their best option.  Moreover, low home equity has made  
          refinancing--the typical way for many subprime borrowers to  
          avoid large scheduled interest rate resets--difficult or  
          impossible for many.  Thus, with house prices still soft and  
          many borrowers of recent-vintage subprime ARMs still facing  
          their first interest rate resets, delinquencies and foreclosure  
          initiations in this class of mortgages are likely to rise  
          further.  It is difficult to be precise about the number of  
          foreclosure initiations expected in coming quarters, as it will  
          depend on (among other factors) the evolution of house prices,  
          which will vary widely across localities.  Historically, about  
          half of homeowners who get a foreclosure notice are ultimately  
          displaced from their homes, but that ratio may turn out to be  
          higher in coming quarters because the proportion of subprime  
          borrowers, who have weaker financial conditions than prime  
          borrowers, is higher.  

          The increased portion of homes lost to foreclosure reflects the  
          slow real estate market, as well as the number of homes bought  
          during the height of the market with multiple-loan financing. In  
          selling a home, all loans must be paid off, which is not the  
          case in the formal foreclosure process, where second mortgages  
          and lines of credit are most often written off.

          Exotic mortgages with low "teaser" interest rates that increase  
          significantly after several years, interest-only mortgages, and  
          mortgages made with little or no income verification have helped  
          drive the homeownership rate in the United States to a record  
          70%. These subprime loans are made possible in part by mortgage  
          securitization, where pools of principal and interest payments  








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          for mortgages are bundled into securities and sold to investors,  
          a process that diversifies the risk of lending to borrowers with  
          less than optimal credit. Nontraditional credit and  
          securitization have been useful tools to make credit available  
          to those who might not otherwise qualify. 


          Unfortunately, many of the borrowers who took advantage of  
          subprime loans have been unable to afford the mortgages they  
          received. As interest rates have risen and property values  
          decreased, foreclosures have occurred at alarming rates and  
          delinquencies continue to climb. Many borrowers were duped into  
          mortgages they could not repay, or simply made poor financial  
          decisions. The consequences are grim. Millions may lose their  
          homes. Even borrowers with good credit are having more  
          difficulty finding lenders willing to grant them mortgages. Many  
          mortgage lenders are going bankrupt. Credit standards are  
          tightening. Investors are losing money on subprime mortgage  
          bonds. Economists predict that the effect of these lending  
          practices on the economy will be felt for years to come.

           
          Foreclosure-Subprime Crisis By-the-Numbers.
           
          During February 2008, the most recent month for which  
          foreclosure data are available, RealtyTrac reported that  
          California, Nevada, and Florida continued to document the  
          highest foreclosure rates in the country.  California's  
          foreclosure rate was second highest in the nation, with one in  
          every 242 households receiving a foreclosure filing during the  
          month.  Foreclosure filings were reported on a total of 53,629  
          California properties in February, a 131% increase from February  
          2007.  California and Florida metropolitan areas accounted for  
          nine of the top ten metropolitan foreclosure rates in February.   
          Stockton, California had the second highest foreclosure rate in  
          the country (one out of every 87 households).  Other California   

          Metropolitan areas in the top ten were Modesto (#3), Merced  
          (#4), Riverside-San Bernardino (#5), Bakersfield (#7),  
          Vallejo-Fairfield (#8), and Sacramento (#9).  

          Recently the California Research Bureau (CRB) released a report  
          titled "Foreclosures in California-The current housing crisis is  
          more severe than previous corrections."









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          The CRB foreclosure report highlights the following:


          1)The estimate of housing foreclosures in California, spanning  
            the three years 2006 - 09, varies from 170,000 to 434,000.  
            Therefore, foreclosures will affect between 3.0 and 7.8  
            percent of all home owners with mortgages in the state by  
            2009. 

          2)Since this housing crisis is much more extreme than previous  
            corrections, the recovery may not follow the same path as  
            previous recoveries. In fact, some observers are comparing  
            this cycle to the one experienced during the Great Depression,  
            since this is the first cycle since then in which home prices  
            have fallen throughout the nation. 

          3)The current evidence suggests the buyers who bought at the  
            peak in 2006 - 07, paid the most inflated prices, were more  
            likely to avail themselves of subprime adjustable rate  
            mortgages (ARMs), and may now be at risk of being in negative  
            equity positions (upside down on their mortgages). A 20% drop  
            in prices from their peaks could leave as many as 14 million  
            households with negative equity 9 - 2.8 million households in  
            California. 

          4)The percentage of foreclosures of all mortgages outstanding is  
            higher for California than for the nation as a whole. 

          5)The Pew Center on the States study presents California's  
            policy responses to the housing foreclosure crisis and the  
            responses of other states and suggests that the states and the  
            nation could be doing more to address the problem.  
            Commendably, California has taken action to modify loans, but  
            the study suggests that California could be doing more to help  
            those at risk of losing their homes by, for example, helping  
            them avoid falling victim to fraudulent rescue schemes and  
            providing them with more counseling. 

          6)Moody's Economy forecast is for 411,000 defaults in  
            Californian in 2008, compared with 212,000 defaults in 2007.  
            Defaults do not always lead to foreclosure, but many do.  
            California had 15% of the defaults last year and is expected  
            to have 20% this year. 

           Related state legislation  :








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          AB 69 (Lieu) of 2007 requires loan servicers to report data  
          regarding their loan modification efforts.  This bill is pending  
          before Senate Banking, Finance and Insurance committee.

          AB 180 (Bass) of 2007 revises the law related to foreclosure  
          consultants to ensure that those facing foreclosure do not  
          become further victimized by scams or outrageous fees.  Provides  
          for a registration process for persons acting as foreclosure  
          consultants.  This bill is pending before Senate Judiciary  
          committee.

          AB 529 (Torrico) of 2007 requires lenders to notify borrowers of  
          an impending interest rate reset of an adjustable rate mortgage.  
           This bill is currently pending in Senate Banking, Finance and  
          Insurance committee.

          AB 1837 (Garcia) of 2008, bans payment of compensation for  
          originating a subprime loan or nontraditional loan with an  
          interest rate above the wholesale par rate for which the  
          consumer qualifies.  Currently in Assembly Banking and Finance  
          committee.

          AB 2161 (Swanson) of 2008, would enact a mortgage lender  
          complaint processing system.  Furthermore, it requires lenders  
          to have a dedicated complaint processing system to handle  
          borrower complaints and assist borrowers with workout  
          opportunities.  Also requires lenders to document complaints and  
          submit complaint logs to their regulator.  This bill is  
          currently in Assembly Appropriations.

          AB 2187 (Caballero) of 2008, requires each notice of default and  
          foreclosure to include a homeowner bill of rights that provides  
          a list of their legal rights and responsibilities in the  
          foreclosure process.  This bill is currently pending in Assembly  
          Appropriations.

          AB 2880 (Wolk) of 2008, specifies, among other things, that that  
          mortgage brokers have a fiduciary responsibility to their  
          clients, and requires licensees to maintain a surety bond with  
          their regulator.  This bill is currently Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee. 

          AB 2740 (Brownley) of 2008, provides that a loan servicer, or a  
          bank, credit union, or finance lender that services loans  








                                                                  SB 1137
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          secured by residential real property, owes a duty of good faith  
          and fair dealing to a borrower.  The bill would regulate the  
          fees and charges that may be imposed to loan servicers and  
          mortgage loan servicers.  The bill would also establish various  
          other prohibited acts and requirements applicable to the  
          servicing of residential mortgage loans.  Currently on Assembly  
          third reading.

          SB 1053 (Machado) of 2008, requires every real estate broker  
          licensed by California Department of Real Estate (DRE) who  
          makes, brokers, or services mortgages to notify DRE about those  
          activities on an annual basis; requires supervising real estate  
          brokers (those in charge of mortgage brokerage businesses) to  
          submit detailed compliance reviews of their books and records to  
          DRE annually, along with business activity reports detailing the  
          loans their businesses brokered, made, and serviced during the  
          prior year.  Currently in Senate Appropriations.

          SB 1054 (Machado) of 2008, in relevant part, gives DRE the  
          ability to ban individuals who have been found guilty of  
          violating the Real Estate Law from real estate-related  
          employment for up to three years.  Currently Held At Assembly  
          Desk

          SB 1604 (Machado) of 2008, under finance lenders law, requires  
          that applicants show a minimum tangible net worth of $25,000 for  
          "brokers," $50,000 for "a broker engaged in the business of  
          negotiating or performing acts in connecting with residential  
          mortgage loans," and $250,000 for finance lenders (of  
          residential mortgage loans), and requires that licensees  
          maintain the applicable net worth at all times; maintains surety  
          bond generally at $25,000, but increases to $50,000 for finance  
          lenders (of residential mortgage loans); requires any person  
          seeking employment with a finance lender or broker to complete a  
          specified employment.  Currently in Senate Appropriations. 

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :

           Support 
           
          AARP
          Affordable Housing Services
          Asset Policy Initiative of California
          ByDesign Financial Solutions
          California Alliance for Retired Americans








                                                                  SB 1137
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          California Capital Financial Development Corp
          California Coalition for Rural Housing
          California Community Economic Development Association
          California Federation of Teachers
          California Labor Federation (AFL-CIO)
          California LULAC Housing Commission
          California Reinvestment Coalition
          California Resources and Training (CARAT)
          Center for California Homeowner Association Law
          Center for Human Rights, Law, and Advocacy
          Center for Responsible Lending
          CHARO
          Civic Center Barrio Housing Corporation
          Community Housing and Credit Counseling Center
          Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto
          Consortium for Elder Abuse Prevention
          Consumer Action
          Consumer Federation of California
          Consumers Union
          East LA Community Corporation
          East Oakland CDC
          Fair Housing Council of Orange County
          Fair Housing Council of the San Fernando Valley
          Fair Housing of Marin
          H.O.U.S.E. (Home Ownership Utilizing Supportive Education)
          Housing and Economic Rights Advocates
          Housing Rights Center
          Human Rights/Fair Housing Commission of Sacramento
          Jefferson Economic Development Institute
          Just Cause Oakland
          Love, Inc.
          Low Income Investment Fund
          Mission Community Financial Assistance
          Mission Economic Development Agency
          National Council of La Raza
          Nehemiah Community Reinvestment Fund
          Non Profit Housing of Northern California
          Northbay Family Homes
          Orange County Community Housing Corporation
          Pacific Asian Consortium in Employment (PACE)
          Project Sentinel
          Public Interest Law Firm of the Law Foundation of Silicon Valley
          Renaissance Entrepreneurship Center
          Rural Community Assistance Corporation
          Sacramento Mutual Housing Association








                                                                  SB 1137
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          Self-Help Enterprises
          SF EARN
          Sierra Planning and Housing Alliance, Inc.
          Suburban Alternatives Land Trust
          The Watsonville Law Center
          Unity Council
          Urban Strategies Council
           
            Opposition 
           
          None on file.

           Analysis Prepared by  :    Mark Farouk / B. & F. / (916) 319-3081