BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                           Senator Gloria Romero, Chair              A
                             2007-2008 Regular Session               B

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          AB 1539 (Krekorian)                                        9
          As Amended June 4, 2007 
          Hearing date:  June 26, 2007
          Penal Code
          SM:br
                    DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION  :

                      RELEASE OF MEDICALLY INCAPACITATED INMATES  :  

                    RECALL AND RESENTENCING PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES  

                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Justice Now

          Prior Legislation: AB 1946 (Steinberg) - 2003-2004; vetoed
                       AB 675 (Migden) - vetoed; 2001
                       AB 29 (Villagraigosa) -Ch. 751, Stats. 1997

          Support: California School Employees Association; California  
                   Public Defenders Association; A New Way of Life; AIDS  
                   Healthcare Foundation; San Francisco AIDS Foundation;  
                   American Civil Liberties Union; California Attorneys for  
                   Criminal Justice; Breast Cancer Action; California  
                   Catholic Conference; California Prison Focus;  
                   Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB);  
                   Coalition for Effective Public Safety (CEPS); Diocese of  
                   Oakland; Diocese of San Bernardino; Friends Committee on  
                   Legislation; Legal Services for Prisoners with Children;  
                   Los Angeles District Attorney's Office; Women of Color  
                   Resource Center; California Commission on the Status of  
                   Women; Free Battered Women; California Coalition for  
                   Women Prisoners; California Women's Law Center;  




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                                                        AB 1539 (Krekorian)
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                   Coalition on Homelessness, San Francisco; Youth Against  
                   Youth Incarceration (YAYI); Taxpayers for Improving  
                   Public Safety; Asian Communities for Reproductive  
                   Justice; East Bay Community Law Center; American Friends  
                   Service Committee; Justice Policy Institute; National  
                   Lawyers Guild San Francisco Bay Area Chapter; L.A. Youth  
                   Justice Coalition; TGI Justice Project; Critical  
                   Resistance; California Prison Moratorium Project

          Opposition:California District Attorneys Association

          Assembly Floor Vote:  Ayes  41 - Noes  35


                                        KEY ISSUES
           
          SHOULD THE COURT HAVE THE DISCRETION TO RESENTENCE OR RECALL A  
          PRISONER'S SENTENCE WHEN THE PRISONER IS PERMANENTLY MEDICALLY  
          INCAPACITATED WITH A MEDICAL CONDITION THAT RENDERS HIM OR HER  
          PERMANENTLY UNABLE TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF BASIC DAILY LIVING, AND  
          RESULTS IN THE PRISONER REQUIRING 24-HOUR TOTAL CARE, AS SPECIFIED,  
          IF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE PRISONER WOULD BE RELEASED DO NOT  
          POSE A THREAT TO PUBLIC SAFETY?

          SHOULD ADDITIONS BE MADE TO THE PROCEDURES REQUIRED TO BE COMPLETED  
          PRIOR TO THE RECALL OF A PRISONER'S SENTENCE FOR COMPASSIONATE  
          RELEASE, AS SPECIFIED?


                                       PURPOSE

          The purposes of this bill are to 1) provide that the court shall  
          have the discretion to resentence or recall a prisoner's  
          sentence when the prisoner is permanently medically  
          incapacitated with a medical condition that renders him or her  
          permanently unable to perform activities of basic daily living,  
          and results in the prisoner requiring 24-hour total care, as  
          specified, if the conditions under which the prisoner would be  
          released do not pose a threat to public safety; and 2) make  
          additions to the procedures required to be completed prior to  




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          the recall of a prisoner's sentence for compassionate release,  
          as specified.
          
           Existing law  does the following:

           Provides that if the Secretary of the Department of  
            Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), Board of Parole  
            Hearings (BPH), or both determine that the prisoner has six  
            months or less to live and that the conditions under which  
            the prisoner would be released do not pose a threat to public  
            safety, the Secretary of CDCR or BPH may recommend to the  
            court that the prisoner's sentence be recalled.  (Penal Code  
             1170 (e)(1).)

           States that the court shall have discretion to recall or  
            resentence if the court finds both that the prisoner has six  
            months or less to live and the conditions under which the  
            prisoner would be released do not pose a threat to public  
            safety.  (Penal Code  1170 (e)(2).)

           Requires BPH to make findings regarding a prisoner's  
            eligibility for the recall and resentencing procedure prior  
            to making a recommendation to the court.  A prisoner  
            sentenced to death or to a term of life without the  
            possibility of parole is not eligible for the recall and  
            resentencing procedure.  (Penal Code  1170 (a)(2)(B).)

           Requires the court to hold a hearing to consider whether a  
            prisoner's sentence should be recalled within 10 days of  
            receipt of a positive recommendation by the Secretary of CDCR  
            or BPH.  (Penal Code  1170 (e)(3).)

           Provides that the prisoner or his or her family member or  
            designee may request consideration for recall and  
            resentencing by contacting the chief medical officer at the  
            prison or the Secretary of CDCR.  If the Secretary of CDCR  
            determines that the prisoner satisfies the criteria, the  
            Secretary or BPH may recommend to the court that the  
            prisoner's sentence be recalled.  (Penal Code  1170 (e)(4).)





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           States that the Secretary shall submit a recommendation for  
            release within 30 days in the case of inmates sentenced to  
            determinate terms.  (Penal Code  1170 (e)(4).)

           Provides that in the case of inmates sentenced to  
            indeterminate terms, the Secretary may make a recommendation  
            to BPH with respect to inmates who have applied for  
            consideration for recall and resentencing.  (Penal Code   
            1170 (e)(4).)

           Allows the BPH to make an independent judgment as to whether  
            the inmate is eligible and to make findings related thereto  
            before rejecting the request or making a recommendation to  
            the Court.  (Penal Code  1170 (e)(4).)

           Provides that any recommendation for recall submitted to the  
            court by CDCR or BPH shall include one or more medical  
            evaluations, a post-release plan, and findings made as to the  
            prisoner's eligibility.  (Penal Code  1170 (e)(5).)

           This bill  does the following:

           Provides that the court shall have the discretion to  
            resentence or recall if the court finds that the facts in  
            items (a) and (b) or items (b) and (c) below exist:

             a)   The prisoner is terminally ill with an incurable  
               condition caused by an illness or disease that would  
               produce death within 6 months, as determined by a physician  
               employed by the California Department of Corrections and  
               Rehabilitation (CDCR).

             b)   The conditions under which the prisoner would be  
               released or receive treatment do not pose a threat to  
               public safety.

             c)   The prisoner is permanently medically incapacitated with  
               a medical condition that renders him or her permanently  
               unable to perform activities of basic daily living, and  
               results in the prisoner requiring 24-hour total care,  




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               including, but not limited to, coma, persistent vegetative  
               state, brain death, ventilator-dependency, loss of control  
               of muscular or neurological function, and that  
               incapacitation did not exist at the time of the original  
               sentencing.

           Requires a physician employed by CDCR who determines that a  
            prisoner has 6 months or less to live to inform the  
            appropriate chief medical officer of that fact.

           States that if the chief medical officer concurs, he or she is  
            required to inform the warden of that fact.

           Provides that within 48 hours of receiving notification, the  
            warden or warden's representative shall notify the prisoner of  
            the recall and resentencing procedures and shall arrange for  
            the prisoner to designate a family member or other outside  
            agent to be notified as to the prisoner's medical condition  
            and prognosis and as to the recall and resentencing  
            procedures.

           States that if the inmate is deemed mentally unfit, the warden  
            or warden's representative shall contact the inmate's  
            emergency contact and provide the information on resentencing  
            and recall procedures.

           Requires the warden or warden's representative to provide the  
            prisoner and his or her family member, agent, or emergency  
            contact updated information throughout the recall and  
            resentencing process with regard to the prisoner's medical  
            condition and the status of the prisoner's recall and  
            resentencing proceedings.

           Allows the prisoner, his or her family member or designee to  
            independently request consideration for recall and  
            resentencing by contacting the chief medical officer at the  
            prison or the Secretary of CDCR.

           Provides that upon receipt of an independent request, the chief  
            medical officer and the warden or the warden's representative  




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            shall follow the procedures set forth with respect to  
            determinations by any physician employed by CDCR that a prisoner  
            has 6 months or less to live.

           States that if the Secretary of CDCR determines that the  
            prisoner meets the criteria for recall and resentencing, the  
            Secretary shall make a recommendation to the BPH with respect  
            to inmates sentenced to indeterminate terms.

           Provides that if the court grants the recall and resentencing  
            application, the prisoner shall be released within 48 hours  
            unless a longer time is agreed to by the inmate.

           States that at the time of release, the warden or the warden's  
            representative shall ensure that the prisoner has each of the  
            following in his or her possession:

             a)   A discharge medical summary;
             b)   Full medical records;
             c)   State identification;
             d)   Parole medications; and,
             e)   All property belonging to the prisoner.

           Requires that, after discharge, any additional records shall  
            be sent to the prisoner's forwarding address.

           Requires the Secretary of CDCR to issue a directive to  
            medical and correctional staff that details the guidelines  
            and procedures for initiating a recall and re-sentencing  
            procedure.  States that the directive shall clearly state  
            that any prisoner given a prognosis of 12 months or less to  
            live is eligible for recall and re-sentencing consideration,  
            and that recall and resentencing procedures shall be  
            initiated upon that prognosis.

              RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION IMPLICATIONS
          
          California currently faces an extraordinary and severe prison  
          and jail overcrowding crisis.  California's prison capacity is  
          nearly exhausted as prisons today are being operated with a  




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          significant level of overcrowding.<1>  In addition, California's  
          jails likewise are significantly overcrowded.  Twenty California  
          counties are operating under jail population caps.  According to  
          the State Sheriffs' Association, "counties are currently  
          releasing 18,000 pre and post-sentenced inmates every month and  
          many counties are so overcrowded they do not accept misdemeanor  
          bookings in any form, . . . ."<2>  In January of this year the  
          Legislative Analyst's office summarized the trajectory of  
          California's inmate population over the last two decades:

              During the past 20 years, jail and prison  
              populations have increased significantly.  County  
              jail populations have increased by about 66  
              percent over that period, an amount that has been  
              limited by court-ordered population caps.  The  
              prison population has grown even more dramatically  
              during that period, tripling since the  
              mid-1980s.<3>

          The level of overcrowding, and the impact of the population  
          crisis on the day-to-day prison operations, is staggering:

              As of December 31, 2006, the California Department  
              of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) was  
              estimated to have 173,100 inmates in the state  
              prison system, based on CDCR's fall 2006  
              population projections.  However, . . . the  
              department only operates or contracts for a total  
              of 156,500 permanent bed capacity (not including  
              out-of-state beds, . . . ), resulting in a  
              shortfall of about 16,600 prison beds relative to  
              the inmate population.  The most significant bed  
              shortfalls are for Level I, II, and IV inmates, as  
              well as at reception centers.  As a result of the  
              --------------------
          <1>  Analysis of the 2007-08 Budget Bill:  Judicial and Criminal  
          Justice, Legislative Analyst's Office (February 21, 2007).
          <2>  Memorandum from CSSA President Gary Penrod to Governor,  
          February 14, 2007.
          <3>  California's Criminal Justice System:  A Primer.   
          Legislative Analyst's Office (January 2007).



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              bed deficits, CDCR houses about 10 percent of the  
              inmate population in temporary beds, such as in  
              dayrooms and gyms.  In addition, many inmates are  
              housed in facilities designed for different  
              security levels.  For example, there are currently  
              about 6,000 high security (Level IV) inmates  
              housed in beds designed for Level III inmates.

              . . .  (S)ignificant overcrowding has both  
              operational and fiscal consequences.  Overcrowding  
              and the use of temporary beds create security  
              concerns, particularly for medium- and  
              high-security inmates.  Gyms and dayrooms are not  
              designed to provide security coverage as well as  
              in permanent housing units, and overcrowding can  
              contribute to inmate unrest, disturbances, and  
              assaults.  This can result in additional state  
              costs for medical treatment, workers'  
              compensation, and staff overtime.  In addition,  
              overcrowding can limit the ability of prisons to  
              provide rehabilitative, health care, and other  
              types of programs because prisons were not  
              designed with sufficient space to provide these  
              services to the increased population.  The  
              difficulty in providing inmate programs and  
              services is exacerbated by the use of program  
              space to house inmates.  Also, to the extent that  
              inmate unrest is caused by overcrowding,  
              rehabilitation programs and other services can be  
              disrupted by the resulting lockdowns.<4>

          As a result of numerous lawsuits, the state has entered into  
          several consent decrees agreeing to improve conditions in the  
          state's prisons.  As these cases have continued over the past  
          several years, prison conditions nonetheless have failed to  
          improve and, over the last year, the scrutiny of the federal  
          courts over California's prisons has intensified.

          In February of 2006, the federal court appointed a receiver to  


          ---------------------------
          <4>  Analysis 2007-08 Budget Bill, supra, fn. 1.



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          take over the direct management and operation of the prison  
          medical health care delivery system from the state.   Motions  
          filed in December of 2006 are now pending before three federal  
          court judges in which plaintiffs are seeking a court-ordered  
          limit on the prison population pursuant to the federal Prison  
          Litigation Reform Act.  Medical, mental health and dental care  
          programs at CDCR each are "currently under varying levels of  
          federal court supervision based on court rulings that the state  
          has failed to provide inmates with adequate care as required  
          under the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  The courts  
          found key deficiencies in the state's correctional programs,  
          including:  (1) an inadequate number of staff to deliver health  
          care services, (2) an inadequate amount of clinical space within  
          prisons, (3) failures to follow nationally recognized health  
          care guidelines for treating inmate-patients, and (4) poor  
          coordination between health care staff and custody staff."<5>

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison and jail  
          overcrowding crisis outlined above.




                                      COMMENTS

          1.  Need for This Bill  

          According to the author:

              The compassionate release law was enacted because  
              prisons should not act as long term health care  
              providers for terminally ill prisoners.  Their care  
              comprises a disproportionate portion of the CDCR's  
              budget.  AB 1539, the Medical Release and Fiscal  
              Savings Bill, seeks to modify the CDCR compassionate  
              release process by increasing the awareness of CDCR  
              staff and families of terminally ill prisoners  
              regarding the compassionate release process, and to  
              extend the reach of the law to include prisoners who  


              ----------------------
          <5>  Primer, supra, fn. 4.



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              are permanently medically incapacitated,  
              significantly increasing fiscal savings from their  
              release.

              Far too many terminally ill and medically  
              incapacitated inmates have died in correctional  
              institutions although they were eligible for, but  
              never received, recall and re-sentencing  
              consideration.  The release of even a few terminally  
              ill and permanently medically incapacitated inmates,  
              who can no longer pose a threat to the public safety,  
              saves state taxpayers hundreds of thousands of  
              dollars, allows California families the chance to  
              heal, and provides these women and men with  
              appropriate end-stage medical and palliative care.

              Medical release under these circumstances is both  
              humane and cost-effective.  The current statute in  
              the California Penal Code was an important step  
              toward establishing a procedure for early medical  
              release.  This legislation will ensure that the  
              process is effective and will result in significant  
              fiscal savings in the state's General Fund without  
              reducing public safety.

          2.  Geriatric and Medically Incapacitated Inmates 

          In 2005, the Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) issued, "A  
          Primer:  Three Strikes - The Impact after More Than a Decade,"  
          (LAO, October 2005).  This report found that, due in large part  
          to sentencing laws such as "three-strikes," the California  
          prison population is getting older and that this trend will  
          continue, with significant fiscal implications.

              The average age of the inmate population has risen  
              from 32 to 36 since 1994.  Moreover, the number of  
              inmates 50 years of age and older has increased from  
              about 5,500 to 16,300 between 1994 and 2004.

              This aging prison population is likely due to two  




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              factors.  The first and probably more significant  
              factor is the enactment of sentencing laws (such as  
              the Three Strikes Law) to provide longer terms and,  
              in some cases, life terms.  Such laws, designed to  
              incarcerate offenders for longer periods, result in a  
              larger and older prison population in the long run.   
              Thus, as the three strikes population grows and ages  
              (probably at least until 2014), the overall prison  
              population will likely grow older as well.  The  
              second factor is that the aging of the prison  
              population simply reflects the aging of the citizenry  
              as a whole.  The so-called "baby boom" generation is  
              getting older; so are the criminals of the baby boom  
              generation.

              The aging of the prison population over the past  
              decade has the potential for significant fiscal  
              consequences.  As inmates age, the cost of housing  
              those inmates increases due to age-related illness  
              and associated health care costs, as well as the  
              security and transportation costs of moving these  
              inmates between prisons and local hospitals.   
              Estimates are that housing and caring for elderly  
              inmates costs between two and three times more than  
              the $35,000 it costs in 2005-06 to incarcerate the  
              average inmate.  Therefore, as the three strikes  
              population continues to grow and age in prison, the  
              state costs to incarcerate them will also continue to  
              escalate.

          In 2004, Governor Schwarzenegger assembled the Corrections  
          Independent Review Panel (IRP).  Chaired by former Governor  
          George Deukmeijian, the IRP was tasked with conducting a  
          comprehensive review of California's corrections system and  
          making recommendations for reform.  With respect to older  
          inmates, the IRP stated, "(a)s a further means of reducing the  
          prison population, the panel recommends identifying older  
          inmates who could safely be released early, consistent with  
             similar programs operating in several other states."





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          IS THE AGING OF THE PRISON POPULATION CONTRIBUTING TO THE  
          OVERCROWDING CRISIS IN CALIFORNIA PRISONS?

          3.  Incapacitated Inmates - An Example  

          Background information provided by the author includes the  
          following example of a prisoner who, if he lives long enough,  
          could be impacted by this bill:

              Mr. Kevin Devereaux is currently being held at High  
              Desert State Prison for a non-violent offense.  He  
              suffers from Lou Gehrig's disease, a progressive,  
              debilitating terminal illness which has left him in a  
              permanently incapacitated state with 6 months or less  
              to live.  His illness leads to the irreversible and  
              progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles and  
              will shortly kill Mr. Devereaux by depriving him of  
              the ability to eat and breathe.  This illness has  
              currently left him with the permanent inability to  
              use his upper extremities and minimal use of his  
              legs.  He is unable to care for his own daily needs  
              such as bathing, dressing and feeding, requiring  
              around the clock medical attention and skilled  
              nursing type care which his family is both ready and  
              capable of providing.  There is no medical treatment  
              that can improve Mr. Devereaux's condition.  Mr.  
              Devereaux has no history of violence either inside or  
              outside of prison; he would not pose a threat to  
              society were he released to the care of his competent  
              family and friends.  Mr. Devereaux's release was  
              first denied because he was incapacitated yet not  
              terminal.  Now that his death is imminent, Mr.  
              Devereaux's request to the California Department of  
              Corrections for compassionate release in order to  
              spend his last days with his family was denied; since  
              his family has been given no access to information as  
              to why his case was denied, they have no way to  
              respond.  (Emphasis in original.)

          DOES THE CONTINUED INCARCERATION OF A PRISONER IN THIS CONDITION  




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          SERVE ANY LEGITIMATE PENOLOGICAL PURPOSE?

          4.  Fiscal Impact  

          Background information provided by the author states:

              Since 2005, the California Department of Corrections and  
              Rehabilitation (CDCR) budget has increased by nearly $2  
              billion.<6>  CDCR healthcare costs have increased by more  
              than $556 million.<7>  The release of terminally ill and  
              permanently incapacitated people in prison under AB 1539,  
              who do not pose a threat to the public, will result in  
              substantial cost savings to the State, potentially in excess  
              of $10 million annually.  This savings will result not  
              merely because some people will be released and CDCR's  
              population will decrease, but primarily because the people  
              released are particularly expensive to house and provide  
              medical care to in the prison setting.

               Care for terminally ill and permanently incapacitated people  
              is extremely expensive - about $120,000 per year
              
              According to a study done by the Assembly Committee  
              on Appropriations in 2007 in regards to AB 1539, the  
              medical release law will result in minor absorbable  
              administrative costs to the CDCR.  These costs will  
              be offset greatly by savings from the release of  
              terminally ill and permanently incapacitated people  
              whose care is extremely expensive - about $120,000  
              per year per dying/or medically incapacitated  
              inmate.<8>  Based on the Assembly Appropriations  
              Committee findings, if the expanded criteria and  
              ----------------------
          <6>  Figures from Governor's proposed 2007-08 CDCR Budget, page  
          1.  Also see CDCR 2006 and 2005 Facts & Figures  
          http://www.cya.ca.gov/DivisionsBoards/AOAP/FactsFigures.html,  
          showing a CDCR budget in 2006 of $8.75 billion and $7.4 billion  
          for 2005.
          <7>  Figures from Governor's proposed CDCR Budget, page 24.
          <8>   Based on Analysis prepared by the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee on May 9, 2007, for AB 1539.



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              clearer processes resulted in an average of just 10  
              more medical releases per year - at the conservative  
              estimate of $60,000 saved per dying or medically  
              incapacitated prisoner with a 6-month average  
              reduction in time served - annual CDCR savings would  
              exceed $600,000.<9>

               Medi-Cal costs savings incurred by the State
               
              A corresponding increase in state Medi-Cal costs - to  
              the extent that these 10 people are cared for in  
              skilled nursing facilities while on Medi-Cal -  
              amounts to $50,000 per year per terminally ill or  
              permanently incapacitated person released, only half  
              of which is a state cost.<10>  Thus, the financial  
              savings of releasing 10 people per year would total  
              approximately $475,000 annually.<11>

              Based on past medical release cases, it is fair to  
              estimate that about half the people released under  
              the medical release law will be cared for at home and  
              not in skilled nursing facilities, in which case the  
              Medi-Cal cost incurred to the state is even smaller  
              and the total annual savings even higher.

               Potential increase of 30% more cases being referred

               We estimate that procedural safeguards and  
              streamlining of the medical release process achieved  
              ----------------------
          <9>   Substantial increases in costs have been attributed to  
          settlement and litigation costs the CDCR is facing.
          <10>  Medi-Cal cost analysis based on 2007 figures prepared by  
          Geoff Long (APPR. (916) 319-2081) with same proportional  
          increase as cost of holding prisoners in the CDCR.  In reality,  
          savings will be larger because Medi-Cal costs have probably not  
          increased nearly as much as CDCR's costs.
          <11>  $10,000 [CDCR cost of healthcare and imprisonment per  
          month] - $2083 [cost of Medi-Cal to state per month] = $7916 =  
          cost savings per month.  $7916 x 10 people x 6 months reduced  
          off sentence = $474,960.



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              through AB 1539 will triple these projected savings  
              for terminally ill people alone.  About 30% of all  
              medical release cases never reach the CDCR Director's  
              level of review because of barriers to accessing the  
              process and lack of procedural safeguards.

              If the annual average number of cases presented to  
              the CDCR Director were increased by only 30%, 61  
              terminally ill people in prison would be considered  
              for medical release each year.<12>  If 85% of those  
              cases (considering that about 70% of people in prison  
              are there for non-violent offenses and another 15%  
              would also pose no threat to society) were approved,  
              based on the Assembly Appropriations Committee cost  
              analysis figures above, the cost savings to the State  
              would be nearly $2.5 million annually, and cost  
              savings to the CDCR would be $3.1 million.<13>

              In addition, AB 1539 achieves significant long-term  
              cost savings by expanding the class of people  
              eligible for medical release to include permanently  
              incapacitated people, i.e. incapacitated by a medical  
              condition that renders them permanently unable to  
              move without assistance, permanently unable to  
              perform activities of daily living without  
              assistance, or permanently ventilator-dependent.  In  
              February 2003, the CDCR was treating 13 prisoners  
              requiring long-term quadriplegic care or long-term  
              total care needs that would benefit from AB 1539.  If  
              only 10 of these people were released with a 5-year  
              average reduction in time served, the savings to the  
              state would be nearly $4.75 million, and savings to  
              ----------------------
              ----------------------
          <12>  Based on figures from CDCR Dept of Classification, Joy  
          Hirai.  Average of 47 people per year medically released in  
          years 1998-2006.
          <13>  85% of 61 = 52 people released.  52 x $47,500 [savings to  
          state for 6 month reduction in sentence] = $2.47 million.  52 x  
          $60,000 [savings from 6 month reduction in sentence] =  
          3,120,000.



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              the CDCR would be $6 million.<14>

              Since the budget for CDCR healthcare services is from  
              the General Fund, expanding the existing medical  
              release process to include permanently incapacitated  
              people would provide significant General Fund  
              savings.<15>

              According to the figures above, AB 1539 is a way to  
              potentially save the state of California more than  
              $7.25 million annually, and to save the CDCR more  
              than $9.1 million.

          IS IT APPROPRIATE TO ALLOW FOR THE RELEASE OF PERMANENTLY  
          INCAPACITATED INMATES WHO HAVE BEEN DETERMINED TO POSE NO THREAT TO  
          PUBLIC SAFETY?

          5.  Governor's Veto Message on AB 1946

           AB 1946 (Steinberg), of the 2003-04 Legislative Session, was  
          substantially similar to this bill.  On September 24, 2004,  
          Governor Schwarzenegger vetoed AB 1946.  In his veto message,  
          the Governor stated:

              AB 1946 could result in the release of prisoners  
              convicted of serious and violent felonies.   
              Additionally, medically incapacitated prisoners could  
              be released, and this bill does not provide any  
              mechanism to return these prisoners to custody in the  
              event they somehow would become a threat to public  
              safety, or the prisoners condition were to improve to  
              the point that they no longer were medically  
              incapacitated.

              AB 1946 would modify the CDCR Compassionate Release  
              Program by allowing medically incapacitated inmates  
              ----------------------
          <14>  The annual cost savings to the government of providing  
          health care to an incapacitated person are about $95,000  
          ($120,000 [health care & incarceration costs] - $25,000  
          [Medi-Cal costs/ year]).  $95,000 x 10 incapacitated people x 5  
          years average reduced in sentence = $4,750,000.  Cost savings to  
          CDCR would be $120,000 x 10 incapacitate people x 5 years = $6  
          million.
          <15>  See Governor's proposed 2007-08 CDCR budget.



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              to be considered for release or resentencing.  AB  
              1496 would allow that the court may resentence or  
              recall a sentence if the court finds that the  
              conditions under which the prisoner would be released  
              or receive treatment do not pose a threat to public  
              safety, and the prisoner is incapacitated by a  
              medical condition that renders him or her permanently  
              disabled.



          6.  Statements in Support  

          The Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office states:

              AB 1539 seeks to modify the California Department of  
              Corrections and Rehabilitations compassionate release  
              process by increasing the awareness of CDCR staff and  
              families of terminally ill prisoners regarding the  
              compassionate release process, and by extending the  
              reach of the law to include prisoners who are  
              permanently medically incapacitated.

              The release of terminally ill and permanently  
              medically incapacitated prisoners who pose no risk to  
              the public will result in substantial cost savings to  
              the State and will help to reduce prison  
              overcrowding.  It is also the right thing to do.

          The AIDS Healthcare Foundation states:

              California law currently provides a mechanism whereby  
              state prison inmates with less than 6 months to live  
              can have their sentences recalled and resentenced.   
              Unfortunately, this process is hardly ever used under  
              the current construct.

              AB 1539 ensures greater attention by correctional  
              medical officers to the incapacitated patients and  
              provides explicit steps that corrections officials  




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              must take to facilitate the ability of the inmate and  
              his/her representatives to engage the compassionate  
              release laws.

              It is inhumane for an inmate who is unable to care  
              for his/her needs to continue to be confined when  
              they can receive better and more compassionate  
              end-stage care in the community.  Moreover, it is a  
              waste of state resources to continue to confine a  
              very sick and very expensive inmate who poses no  
              threat to the public safety.  Finally, it is a shame  
              to have a public policy on compassionate release that  
              is unknown and unused.

          The California Catholic Conference states:

              The release of terminally ill prisoners who can no  
              longer pose a threat to the public safety of the  
              state saves the taxpayers hundreds of thousands of  
              dollars and provides these inmates with the  
              opportunity to experience appropriate end-stage  
              medical and palliative care surrounded by those who  
              can care for them.  Most of these individuals will  
              need to spend this last amount of time with their  
              families.

              In the pastoral letter, "Evangelium Vitae" John Paul  
              II wrote, "and when earthly existence draws to a  
              close, it is again charity which finds the most  
              appropriate means for enabling . . . those who can no  
              longer look after themselves, and the terminally ill,  
              to enjoy genuinely human existence and to receive an  
              adequate response to their needs, and in particular  
              their anxiety and their loneliness."

          7.  Statement in Opposition  

          The California District Attorney's Association states:

              Under the current program, the expectation is that a  




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              qualified individual will live no longer than six  
              months.  This bill dispenses with that notion and  
              vastly expands the program without unambiguous  
              direction as to who else might qualify.  For example  
              the term "24-hour total care" is unclear.  Would that  
              require a caretaker to be at the person's side for  
              literally 24 hours per day or could that be  
              interpreted to mean that the person lives in his  
              parents' house where someone is on the premises at all  
              times?  Additionally, while a coma or brain death  
              should be easily identified, the same cannot be said  
              for a "loss of control of muscular or neurological  
              function."  The bottom line is that this bill runs  
              counter to the notion that a person convicted of a  
              crime should serve his or her sentence.



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