BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                       


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                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  AB 2006
          Author:   Nunez (D)
          Amended:  8/25/04 in Senate
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE ENERGY, UTIL. & COMM. COMMITTEE  :  5-2, 6/29/04
          AYES:  Bowen, Alarcon, Murray, Sher, Vasconcellos
          NOES:  Battin, McClintock
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Morrow, Dunn

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  50-28, 5/27/04 - See last page for vote


           SUBJECT  :    Electrical restructuring:  Reliable Electric  
          Service Act of 
                         2004

           SOURCE  :     Southern California Edison


           DIGEST  :    This bill enacts the Reliable Electric Service  
          Act of 2004.

           ANALYSIS  :    

          Existing law:

          1. Requires all charges demanded or received by any public  
             utility, including investor-owned electric utilities  
             (IOUs), to be just and reasonable and assigns  
             responsibility for ensuring the reasonableness of such  
             charges to the State Public Utilities Commission (PUC).

                                                           CONTINUED





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          2. Requires every public utility, including IOUs, to  
             furnish and maintain such adequate, efficient, just, and  
             reasonable service, instrumentalities, equipment, and  
             facilities necessary to promote the safety, health,  
             comfort, and convenience of its patrons, employees, and  
             the public.

          3. For IOU-owned electricity generation plants:

             A.    Requires the PUC to certify the public convenience  
                and necessity require a plant before an IOU may begin  
                construction [Certificate of Public Convenience and  
                Necessity (CPCN)].  For a plant subject to licensing  
                by the California Energy Commission (CEC) pursuant to  
                the Warren-Alquist Act, the CEC license is required  
                prior to a CPCN.  The PUC is required, under certain  
                circumstances, to appoint a construction project  
                board of consultants to evaluate the design,  
                construction, project management, and economic  
                soundness of a proposed plant.

             B.    Requires the PUC, in the case of an IOUs plant  
                estimated to cost more than $50 million, to specify  
                in the CPCN the maximum cost determined to be  
                reasonable and prudent.  The PUC is required to deny  
                recovery of additional costs unless it determines the  
                cost has in fact increased and the public convenience  
                and necessity require construction of the plant at  
                the increased cost. 
                [AB 179 (Sher), Chapter 926, Statutes of 1985]

             C.    Requires the PUC to disallow expenses related to  
                the planning, construction, or operation of a plant  
                if the expenses result from any unreasonable error or  
                omission regarding any portion of the plant which  
                costs, or is estimated to cost, more than $50 million  
                or if the expenses are not supported by records  
                sufficient to enable the PUC to completely evaluate  
                any relevant or potentially relevant issue related to  
                their reasonableness and prudence.  
                [AB 1776 (Sher), Chapter 1212, Statutes of 1985]

             D.    Authorizes the PUC to remove from an IOUs rate  
                base a plant which has been out of service for nine  







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                or more consecutive months, and disallow expenses  
                related to that plant.  
                [AB 2378 (Hauser), Chapter 139, Statutes of 1986]

          4. For IOU electricity procurement via wholesale purchases:

             A.    Requires each IOU to file, and the PUC to review  
                and accept, modify, or reject, a procurement plan  
                enabling the IOU to fulfill its obligation to serve  
                its customers at just and reasonable rates,  
                eliminating the need for "after-the-fact"  
                reasonableness reviews (with specified exceptions),  
                and ensuring timely recovery of prospective  
                procurement costs.

             B.    Requires the procurement plan to be based on one  
                or more of the following reasonableness standards: 

                (1)      An approved competitive bid-based  
                   procurement process.

                (2)      A performance-based incentive mechanism that  
                   shares procurement risks and rewards between an  
                   IOU and its customers.

                (3)      Objective standards and review to determine  
                   the recoverability of procurement transactions  
                   prior to their execution.  
                   [AB 57 (Wright), Chapter 835, Statutes of 2002]

          5. Requires IOUs and certain other retail sellers to  
             increase their existing level of renewable resources by  
             one percent of sales per year, establishes a deadline of  
             2017 to achieve a 20 percent renewable portfolio, and  
             establishes a detailed process and standards for  
             renewable procurement [the Renewable Portfolio Standard  
             (RPS)].
             [SB 1078 (Sher), Chapter 516, Statutes of 2002]

          6. Requires IOUs to offer optional "interruptible or  
             curtailable" electric service to heavy industrial  
             customers at rates which are discounted to reflect the  
             risk of being subject to interruptions.








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          7. Requires the PUC to direct the IOUs to continue efforts  
             to reduce industrial rates to a level competitive with  
             other states, without shifting costs to other classes.

           This bill  enacts the "Reliable Electric Service Act of  
          2004."  Specifically, this bill:

          1. Findings and Declarations.  Sets forth findings and  
             declarations related to each of the provisions below.

          2. Obligation to Serve.  AB 2006 restates and further  
             specifies the IOUs' obligation to plan for and provide  
             to its customers reliable electric service, as defined.   
             IOUs have no obligation to buy electricity or meet  
             resource adequacy requirements for customers taking  
             unregulated "direct access" service.

          3. Cost Recovery:

             A.    Requires the PUC to approve and maintain rates  
                sufficient to ensure an IOU fully recovers: 

                (1)      The IOU's initial capital investment in  
                   resources approved and found reasonable by the PUC  
                   in the CPCN process.

                (2)      The IOU's full costs of contracting for  
                   generation resources with another entity, taking  
                   collateral requirements and debt equivalence  
                   associated with the contract into account.

             B.    Provides this bill does not alter the requirements  
                of existing law regarding cost recovery described  
                above.

             C.    Declares the Legislature's intent to reaffirm  
                California's traditional regulatory compact, as  
                described.

          4. Long-Term Planning:

             A.    Requires each IOU to prepare a long-term  
                integrated resource plan (IRP) every three years to  
                achieve a diversified portfolio of resources to serve  







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                its customers.  The IRP must include 5 and 10-year  
                forecasts and identify needed resources.  The PUC  
                must review and approve the IRP, and may make  
                revisions it determines necessary.

             B.    Requires the IRP to provide for investments in  
                energy efficiency and load management resources that  
                compare favorably to supply alternatives in terms of  
                costs, environmental improvements and reliability.

             C.    Requires the IRP to provide for investments in  
                necessary generation resources, including contracts  
                for existing, new, re-powered or co-generation  
                projects.

             D.    Authorizes the IRP to provide for investments in  
                distributed generation resources under specified  
                conditions related to improving reliability and  
                deferring traditional distribution investments.

             E.    Requires an IOU, through its IRP, to meet resource  
                adequacy requirements for the electric load of its  
                customers through a portfolio of contracted-for  
                generation and IOU-owned generation, combining the  
                potential benefits of a competitive wholesale market,  
                including operating efficiencies and lower prices,  
                with the stability of cost-of-service generation  
                resources, to achieve the "best value" for ratepayers  
                at just and reasonable rates.

          5. Transmission.  Requires the PUC to prepare a plan to  
             streamline the siting process for transmission projects,  
             and a report on the status of transmission projects  
             pending in the CPCN process, and submit them to the  
             Governor and Legislature in 2005.

          6. Resource Adequacy:

             A.    Requires all load-serving entities (e.g., IOUs,  
                ESPs and community choice aggregators), except  
                municipal utilities and customer generation, to meet  
                the same requirements for resource adequacy, resource  
                diversity and the RPS applicable to IOUs.








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             B.    Requires the PUC to establish, implement and  
                enforce resource adequacy requirements as specified.   
                Requires the cost of meeting resource adequacy  
                requirements to be equitably recovered from all  
                customers through PUC-approved rates.

          7. PUC Process Reform:

             A.    Requires the PUC, prior to adopting any settlement  
                that affects customer rates, to hold hearings and  
                review alternatives to the settlement, to ensure the  
                settlement resolves the issue at the lowest  
                reasonable cost to ratepayers.  All rate-changing  
                decisions must be made in public.

             B.    Establishes the same detailed conflict of interest  
                standards to PUC Commissioners that currently apply  
                to the Energy Commission - Commissioners may not have  
                income from the companies they are to regulate, and  
                they may not participate in any decision in which  
                they, or specified relatives or associates, have a  
                financial interest.

             C.    Requires the PUC, prior to approving a utility  
                power plant, to review similar proposals from  
                non-utility generators.  If an alternative is put  
                forward which achieves the same or better reliability  
                and environmental performance at a lower cost, the  
                PUC must then deny the utility's proposal.

           Background  
          
          Existing law requires rates charged by public utilities to  
          be just and reasonable and assigns responsibility for  
          ensuring the reasonableness of rates to the PUC.  This  
          authority is a foundation of utility regulation, dating  
          back to the establishment of the PUC's predecessor, the  
          Railroad Commission, in 1909.  The power to review expenses  
          that are recoverable from utility ratepayers was judged  
          necessary to protect the public from the exercise of public  
          utilities' monopoly powers.  Indeed, the purpose of the PUC  
          is to determine the reasonable expenses of utility service  
          (cost of service) and provide for equitable recovery of  
          these costs from customers (rate-making).







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          In an effort to facilitate both wholesale and retail  
          competition, PUC decisions implementing electric industry  
          restructuring compelled the IOUs to sell off power plants  
          needed to serve their own customers, then required the IOUs  
          to buy and sell all their power through spot markets.  At  
          the same time, long-term resource planning and investment  
          was abandoned in favor of a laissez faire, "reliability  
          through markets" approach.

          As a result of market conditions during the energy crisis,  
          long-term, bilateral contracts were viewed as an attractive  
          way to stabilize volatile and high prices.  However, review  
          of the reasonableness of these contracts by the PUC was  
          viewed by IOUs as a deterrent to entering such contracts,  
          when spot market purchases were not subject to review.

          PUC review of contracts presented the possibility that  
          recovery of certain contract expenses would be disallowed  
          if the contract was judged to be an unreasonable deal (e.g.  
          unjust price or inappropriate conduct).  On the other hand,  
          if the contract was a great deal, the IOU got no reward  
          beyond the ability to recover its costs.  The IOUs  
          complained these circumstances placed all the downside risk  
          on them and created a disincentive to enter into long-term  
          contracts.  The competing argument was if IOUs were  
          permitted to pass their power purchase costs on to their  
          customers unconditionally, they had little incentive to  
          negotiate the best deal.

          To pave the way for IOUs to resume their procurement duties  
          in 2003, AB 57 (Wright) addressed the procurement review  
          issue by establishing a process under which an IOU can be  
          assured its electricity procurement expenses will be  
          recoverable in rates, if that procurement is conducted  
          consistent with a PUC-approved procurement plan.  AB 57  
          relates only to wholesale procurement from third parties.   
          It does not address cost recovery for other IOU expenses,  
          such as investments in IOU-owned generation.

          Since the electricity crisis, major new power plants, or  
          re-powering of existing plants, are financed only to the  
          extent the recovery of their capital costs can be assured  
          via contracts approved by the PUC.  Thus, whether power  







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          plants are developed by regulated utilities or non-utility  
          generators, the PUC must provide for rate recovery to  
          assure they get built, with ratepayers providing the  
          ultimate credit support.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes    
          Local:  Yes

           SUPPORT  :   (Unable to verify)

          ---

           OPPOSITION  :    (Unable to verify)

          ---


           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :
          AYES:  Berg, Bermudez, Calderon, Canciamilla, Chan, Chavez,  
            Chu, Cohn, Corbett, Correa, Diaz, Dutra, Dymally,  
            Firebaugh, Frommer, Goldberg, Hancock, Jerome Horton,  
            Jackson, Kehoe, Koretz, Laird, Leno, Levine, Lieber, Liu,  
            Longville, Lowenthal, Matthews, Montanez, Mullin, Nakano,  
            Nation, Negrete McLeod, Oropeza, Parra, Pavley, Reyes,  
            Ridley-Thomas, Salinas, Samuelian, Simitian, Steinberg,  
            Strickland, Vargas, Wesson, Wiggins, Wolk, Yee, Nunez
          NOES:  Aghazarian, Bates, Benoit, Bogh, Campbell, Cogdill,  
            Cox, Daucher, Dutton, Garcia, Harman, Shirley Horton,  
            Houston, Keene, La Malfa, La Suer, Leslie, Maddox,  
            Maldonado, Maze, McCarthy, Nakanishi, Pacheco, Plescia,  
            Richman, Runner, Spitzer, Wyland
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Haynes, Mountjoy


          NC:mel  8/26/04   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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