BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 1468
                                                                  Page  1

          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 1468 (Pavley)
          As Amended May 14, 2003
          Majority vote 

           NATURAL RESOURCES   8-3         APPROPRIATIONS      18-7        
                                                            (vote not  
          available)
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Ayes:|Jackson, Hancock, Koretz, |     |                          |
          |     |Laird, Lieber, Lowenthal, |     |                          |
          |     |Montanez, Wolk            |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|La Malfa, Harman, Keene   |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 

           SUMMARY  :  Requires negative air machines, which are used in  
          asbestos abatement projects, to be leak tested prior to use on  
          any asbestos removal site of more than 100 square feet of  
          asbestos.  Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Requires each negative air machine in the state to be leak  
            tested on the site of any asbestos abatement project that  
            requires the removal of more than 100 square feet of asbestos,  
            prior to the commencement of the project.

          2)Requires a negative air machine test to be conducted by an  
            independent testing company.

          3)Prohibits contractors from testing their own negative air  
            machines.

          4)Requires an independent testing company to issue a  
            certification to the abatement contractor that owns or  
            operates the machine, and to affix the certification to the  
            machine.

          5)Requires the air district with jurisdiction over the area  
            where an asbestos abatement project occurs to enforce testing  
            and certification requirements.

          6)Subjects any person who violates the requirements of this bill  
            to citation and administrative fine, as determined by the air  








                                                                  AB 1468
                                                                  Page  2

            district.
           
          FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriation  
          Committee, there will be moderate statewide costs, perhaps  
          $500,000 in fiscal year (FY) 2003-2004, to local air districts  
          to implement negative air machine testing requirements and  
          enforcement.  These costs are covered by revenue generated from  
          fees local air districts are authorized to impose on the  
          regulated community.  Moderate potential costs, perhaps $200,000  
          annually starting in FY 2004-05, to various state agencies,  
          school districts, and local agencies to the extent this new  
          testing and abatement projects contracted out by these agencies.  
           Costs to local agencies are reimbursable from the state.   
          (General Fund, bond funds, and various special funds.)

           COMMENTS  :  Asbestos fibers are known to potentially increase the  
          risk of cancer and other debilitating or fatal diseases, such as  
          asbestosis.  Because of its effectiveness and relatively low  
          cost, asbestos was commonly used for fireproofing,  
          soundproofing, and thermal insulation in schools, residential  
          homes, and government and commercial buildings.  However, due to  
          the potential health effects, its use has been significantly  
          curtailed in the last few decades.  Nonetheless, many buildings  
          still in use contain asbestos.

          Undisturbed, asbestos poses no apparent harm.  However, when  
          renovation or demolition are necessary, asbestos can be become  
          airborne and present itself as a potential human health hazard,  
          entering the body through inhalation.  As a result, asbestos  
          remediation is a typical part of the destruction or renewal of  
          older structures.

          According to the author's office, negative air machines are used  
          in asbestos abatement work to maintain a desired negative  
          pressure inside an abatement enclosure, provide adequate air  
          changes within the closure for ventilation and worker safety,  
          and to capture asbestos fibers drawn from inside the closure in  
          a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.  The author's  
          office believes that it is vital to ensure that when asbestos  
          abatement is undertaken, that negative air machines are tested  
          for leaks to ensure that only clean, asbestos-free air is  
          exhausted to the outside or recirculated within the building.

          The removal process initially requires enclosing the hazardous  
          room, trapping all the airborne asbestos.  Then, using a  








                                                                  AB 1468
                                                                  Page  3

          negative air machine to suck the contaminated air, a HEPA filter  
          catches the asbestos fibers and blows clean air out of the  
          enclosure.  HEPA filters are required to be tested at the time  
          of their manufacture and be at least 99.97% efficient for the  
          removal of all airborne particulate matter 0.3 micrometers in  
          diameter or larger.  This process is used in asbestos abatement,  
          as well as nuclear contamination and lead abatement, and for  
          areas where clean and particulate free air is essential such as  
          surgical facilities, tuberculosis wards, clean rooms and  
          computer rooms.

          According to the author's office, while the filter is tested  
          during its manufacture process, without recurrent testing, there  
          is no guarantee it will continue to remove 99.97% of the  
          airborne matter.  HEPA filters are very successful when  
          functioning properly, but also remain susceptible to breaches  
          and misalignment.  The filter, which is placed on a negative air  
          machine similar to a cover being placed over a cooking pot to  
          keep heat in, can be jarred or ceded during the abatement  
          process or while the negative air machine is in movement.  This  
          can occur when the negative air machine, moving between  
          abatement locations, is jarred by a bump while sitting in a  
          truck bed.  Such little movement can cause the filter to  
          misalign, creating a breach which makes the HEPA filter  
          ineffective.  Furthermore, the negative air machine must be  
          continually tested for damage to the seals, rivets, and screws  
          that hold it together.  Damage to these parts of the negative  
          air machine can allow asbestos filled air to re-circulate within  
          the abatement enclosure.

          The author's office states that without the HEPA filter and  
          sturdy rivets and screws serving as successful deterrents,  
          airborne fibers can freely move wherever the negative air  
          machine blows air.  The unintended consequence leaves workers  
          (without protective gear) outside the enclosure vulnerable to  
          asbestos inhalation, and also students, employees, residents or  
          hospital patients who will later use the room where air is sent.  
           Leaks resulting from damage to rivets and screws will also  
          allow asbestos-filled air to continue circulating within the  
          room attempting to be abated.
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :  Scott H. Valor / NAT. RES. / (916)  
          319-2092                       FN: 0001247